不同稻殼生物炭及有機質肥料用量對土壤性質及青江白菜與福山萵苣生育及產量之影響

農業有機廢棄物通過缺氧或低氧條件下進行熱裂分解所產生之物質，稱為「生物炭」，生物炭本身具多孔隙之構造，增加土壤保水與保肥能力，並可改善土壤結構、質地、孔隙度、粒徑分布及降低土壤總體密度，增加土壤通氣性並改善土壤環境。施用有機質肥料可增加土壤之有機質含量，有機質之功效不僅可改善土壤之理化特性及團粒構造，有利於土壤之通氣與排水，還能增加土壤之保水與保肥能力，以及吸附交換植物所需之營養元素，且提高肥料之利用效率。本研究利用盆栽種植青江白菜與福山萵苣，探討不同稻殼生物炭及有機質肥料用量對其生長性狀及植體養分吸收的影響。試驗處理為施用不同量稻殼生物炭 (0 % 、2 % 與4% (w/w)) 與不同量有機質肥料( 7.5 g pot-1、15 g pot-1、22.5 g pot-1與30 g pot-1)。兩種蔬菜作物均在具有商品價值時採收，分析植體之元素濃度與吸收量，可溶性固形物以及硝酸態氮與維他命 C含量，並分析土壤之 pH、 EC、有機質含量、無機態氮、 bray -1 磷、交換性鉀、鈣及鎂等含量。青江白菜作結果顯示，稻殼生物炭用量0 %與2 %兩處理添加有機質肥料30 g pot-1 時有較高鮮重及乾重，且株高、株寬、葉片數、葉長和葉寬等生長性狀亦均較大或較多。然而，在稻殼生物炭用量4%添加有機質肥料為7.5 g pot-1 處理則乾重最高，其生長性狀也是最佳的。福山萵苣作結果顯示，稻殼生物炭用量0 %與2 %之兩處理，均隨著有機質肥料增加而鮮重及乾重均增加，生長性狀如葉片數、株高、株徑、葉寬和葉厚也增加，但在稻殼生物炭用量4 %添加有機質肥料15 g pot-1 處理則有最高鮮重及乾重，生長性狀如葉片數、株高、株徑、葉寬和葉厚亦均最佳的。兩種蔬菜檢測可溶性固形物與維他命C含量於各處理間均不顯著。收穫期EC值對青江白菜產量、植體總氮濃度對青江白菜產量、植體總磷濃度對青江白菜產量、植體總鉀濃度對青江白菜產量、植體總鈣濃度對青江白菜產量、植體總鎂濃度對青江白菜產量、植體氮吸收量對青江白菜產量、植體硝酸態氮濃度對青江白菜產量、植體總氮濃度對青江白菜硝酸態氮濃度、總可溶性固形物對青江白菜維他命 C濃度，均有顯著正相關性，而植體總氮濃度對青江白菜維他命 C濃度、植體總氮濃度對青江白菜總可溶性固形物，都有顯著負相關性。種植後15天EC 值對福山萵苣產量、收穫期土壤無機態氮對福山萵苣產量、植體總氮濃度對福山萵苣產量、植體總磷濃度對福山萵苣產量、植體總鉀濃度對福山萵苣產量、植體氮吸收量對福山萵苣產量、植體總氮濃度對福山萵苣硝酸態氮濃度，均有顯著正相關性，而收穫期土壤無機態氮對福山萵苣產量、植體總鈣濃度對福山萵苣產產量，都有顯著負相關性。綜合上述，添加稻殼生物炭配合有機質肥料用量之應用的確能改善土壤理化性質，並以4 % 之稻殼生物炭用量搭配有機質肥料用量最少之7.5 g pot-1為青江白菜最佳處理。福山萵苣產量與生長性狀結果亦顯示4 % 稻殼生物炭處理顯著高於對照，鮮重產量提高60%，且配合添加有機質肥料用量15 g pot-1為最佳處理。

關鍵字

土壤肥力；有機質肥料；稻殼生物炭；葉菜

並列摘要

The substance produced by thermal cracking of agricultural organic waste under hypoxic or hypoxic conditions is called "biochar". Biochar itself has a porous structure, which increases soil water and fertility retention capacity, and improves soil structure. , Texture, porosity, particle size distribution and reduce the overall density of the soil, increase soil aeration and improve the soil environment. The application of organic fertilizer can increase the content of organic matter in the soil. The effect of organic matter can not only improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil and the structure of the aggregates, it is conducive to the aeration and drainage of the soil, but it can also increase the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil, as well as the adsorption and exchange of plants. Nutrient elements, and improve the efficiency of fertilizer utilization. In this study, potted cultivation of Qingjiang cabbage and Fushan lettuce were used to explore the effects of different rice husk biochar and organic fertilizer rates on their growth characteristics and plant nutrient absorption. The experimental treatments consisted of applying different amounts of rice husk biochar (0%, 2% and 4% (w/w)) and different amounts of organic fertilizers (7.5 g pot-1, 15 g pot-1, 22.5 g pot-1 and 30 g pot-1). Two kinds of vegetable crops are harvested when they have commercial value. The plant element concentration and absorption, soluble solids, nitrate nitrogen and vitamin C content are analyzed, and soil pH, EC, organic matter content, inorganic nitrogen, bray-1 Phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, calcium and magnesium content. The results of Qingjiang cabbage showed that the two treatments with the dosage of 0% and 2% of rice husk biochar when adding organic fertilizer 30 g pot-1 had higher fresh weight and dry weight, and plant height, plant width, number of leaves, leaf length and leaf Growth traits such as broad are also larger or more. However, when the rice husk biochar dosage is 4% and organic fertilizer is added for 7.5 g pot-1, the dry weight is the highest, and its growth characteristics are also the best. The results of lettuce planting in Fushan showed that the two treatments with the amount of 0% and 2% of rice husk biochar increased with the increase of organic fertilizer, and both the fresh weight and dry weight increased. The growth characteristics such as leaf number, plant height, plant diameter, leaf width and The leaf thickness also increased, but when the rice husk biochar dosage was 4% and 15 g pot-1 was added organic fertilizer, the highest fresh weight and dry weight were obtained. The growth characteristics such as leaf number, plant height, plant diameter, leaf width and leaf thickness also increased. Both are the best. The soluble solids and vitamin C content of the two kinds of vegetables were not significant among the treatments. The EC value during the harvest period affects the yield of Qingjiang cabbage, the total nitrogen concentration of the plant has the effect on the yield of Qingjiang cabbage, the total phosphorus concentration of the plant has the effect on the yield of Qingjiang cabbage, the total potassium concentration of the plant has the effect on the yield of Qingjiang cabbage, and the total calcium concentration of the plant has an effect on the yield and plant of Qingjiang cabbage. Body total magnesium concentration to Qingjiang cabbage yield, plant nitrogen uptake to Qingjiang cabbage yield, plant nitrate nitrogen concentration to Qingjiang cabbage yield, plant total nitrogen concentration to Qingjiang cabbage nitrate nitrogen concentration, total soluble solids to Qingjiang cabbage The concentration of vitamin C has a significant positive correlation, while the total nitrogen concentration of the plant has a significant negative correlation with the vitamin C concentration of Qingjiang cabbage and the total nitrogen concentration of the plant has a significant negative correlation with the total soluble solids of Qingjiang cabbage. 15 days after planting EC value to Fushan lettuce yield, soil inorganic nitrogen at harvest period to Fushan lettuce yield, plant total nitrogen concentration to Fushan lettuce yield, plant total phosphorus concentration to Fushan lettuce yield, plant total potassium concentration to Fushan lettuce Yield and plant nitrogen uptake have a significant positive correlation with Fushan lettuce yield and plant total nitrogen concentration on Fushan lettuce nitrate nitrogen concentration, while soil inorganic nitrogen at harvest has a positive effect on Fushan lettuce yield and plant total calcium concentration. There is a significant negative correlation between the production and yield of Fushan lettuce. Based on the above, the application of rice husk biochar combined with the amount of organic fertilizer can indeed improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and the 4% rice husk biochar with the minimum amount of organic fertilizer 7.5 g pot-1 is the best treatment for Qingjiang cabbage. The results of the yield and growth characteristics of Fushan lettuce also showed that the 4% rice husk biochar treatment was significantly higher than the control, and the fresh weight yield was increased by 60%. The best treatment was combined with the addition of 15 g pot-1 of organic fertilizer.