臺商外移之越南家具產業實習提升學生回流產業之研究

摘要本研究主要的目的，是為探討大專學生海外家具產業實習，能有效提升學生於畢業後重返產業回流率，以期有助於解決越南產業之臺灣幹部接班斷層的問題。研究重點在於探討學生回流產業的最主要考慮因素、產學落差與產業對學術界的期待等；研究採「質性研究法」，透過「半結構性焦點團體訪談」及「半結構性個人深度訪談」的訪談與學生實習心得報告、實習評分等文件資料分析方式來進行；為求研究的資料取得更具客觀性，在研究對象與研究場域的選取，乃針對於2019年初到2020年中期間，曾參與「越南家具產業種子培育計畫」的兩所實習時間較長的不同科技大學海外實習的學生，以及4位家具產業工作資歷超過38年以上，與實習相關的臺灣主管幹部；訪談大綱經專家修訂後，進行訪談；訪談資料由錄音檔轉為逐字稿，經受訪者檢視確認後，進行資料整理剖析、概念淬取、歸類編碼等處理，並經三角校正，驗證資料的信實度。經分析討論的結果，本研究得到，學生實習時間越長回流產業的意願越強烈也越高，其最主要的考慮因素在於薪資、存錢與發展性；學用對接嚴重落差、語言障礙等影響學生實習工作、生活的困擾；以及責任制加班時數多為學生續留產業最大的詬病與疑慮。至於產業對學生的培養目的是幹部與工廠經營的傳承，因此期待學生除了具備學、術的教育與素養外，最重要還是要有正確的價值觀念；教育部推出的學海計畫、新南向學海築夢計畫與產業推行的越南家具產業種子培育計畫的政策，一致性期待透過產學合作，為國家、產業造才，但實際產學落差仍趨嚴重，本研究結果希望可供產、官、學界配合的省思與參考，有所改善作為，提升實習學生回流產業的意願。關鍵詞:產業回流率、質性研究法、焦點團體訪談、個人深度訪談、教育部學海計畫。

關鍵字

產業回流率；質性研究法；焦點團體訪談；個人深度訪談；教育部學海計畫

並列摘要

Abstract The main purpose of this research is to explore the overseas furniture industry internships of college students, which can effectively increase the return rate of students returning to the industry after graduation, in order to help solve the problem of the succession of Taiwanese cadres in the Vietnamese industry. The focus of the research is to explore the most important considerations for students returning to the industry, the gap between industry and academia, and the industry’s expectations of the academic world. The research adopts "qualitative research methods", through "semi-structured focus group interviews" and "semi-structured personal depth “Interviews” are conducted through the analysis of documents and data such as student internship experience reports and internship scores. In order to obtain more objectivity in the acquisition of research data, the selection of research objects and research fields is targeted at the beginning of 2019 to mid-2020. During the period, I have participated in the "Vietnamese Furniture Industry Seed Cultivation Program" two overseas internship students from different universities of science and technology with a long internship period, and 4 Taiwanese executives who have worked in the furniture industry for more than 38 years and are related to the internship. The interview outline was revised by experts, and the interview was conducted. The interview data was converted from recording files to verbatim manuscripts. After the interviewees checked and confirmed, the data were processed and analyzed, concept extraction, classification and coding, etc., and triangulation was performed to verify the data Faithfulness. After analyzing and discussing the results, this study found that the longer the internship time, the stronger and the higher the willingness of students to stay in the industry. The most important considerations are salary, savings and development; serious gaps in learning and use, language barriers, etc. The troubles that affect students' internship work and life, and the number of overtime hours worked under the responsibility system are the biggest criticisms and doubts in the industry for students to stay in the industry. As for the purpose of the industry’s training for students is the inheritance of cadres and factory operations, it is expected that in addition to academic and technical education and literacy. The most important thing is to have correct values. The Xuehai Project launched by the Ministry of Education, Xinnan The Xiangxuehai Dream Building Project and the policies of the Vietnam Furniture Industry Seed Cultivation Project implemented by the industry are consistent with the expectation that through industry-university cooperation, the country and the industry will be able to create talents, but the actual industry-academic gap is still serious. The results of this study are hopeful For the reflection and reference of the industry, government, and academia, there are improvements to improve the willingness of intern students to return to the industry. Keywords: industry return rate, qualitative research method, focus Group interviews, personal in-depth interviews, the Ministry of Education's study plan.