- 學位論文
小提琴設計製造之輔助工具模組及技術發展
Analysis Tool Modules and Technique Development for Violin Design and Manufacture
摘要
小提琴製作方法主要是藉由經驗傳承，或透過試誤法方式理解如何製作一把好的小提琴，由於，小提琴的聲音和振動是優質小提琴的關鍵，因此需針對小提琴發聲機制進行探討，探討方式可經由實驗模態分析(experimental modal analysis, EMA)與有限元素分析(finite element analysis, FEA)，進行FEA時，機械性質是影響分析結果的關鍵之一，為了取得小提琴機械性質，因此需進行小提琴素材機械性質測定，會透過小提琴素材模型驗證(model verification, MV)。模型驗證進行模態分析、簡諧響應分析及最佳化分析，其過程單一且重複性高，因此本文建立矩形平板自動化分析模組，可有效及有效率的進行模型驗證，並取得小提琴素材機械性質。接著透過FEA建立小提琴分析模型，探討小提琴發聲機制，透過純結構系統分析，和考量空氣因素的結構與空氣耦合系統，進行模態分析與簡諧響應分析，結果顯示，在低於500Hz的聲音頻譜，主要受到小提琴音箱腔體模態影響，而高於500Hz的聲音頻譜，主要受小提琴結構彈性體模態所貢獻。而小提琴的聲音振動探討，也可透過實驗量測，但實驗檔案數量都多，導致後續分析效率低，因此提出聲音振動量測分析SOP，以及自動化後處理分析模組，透過檔案管理系統以及聲音品質指標分析模組，可以快速進行實驗檔案分類，並呈現出時間域訊號及頻率域訊號，快速進行分析探討。並透過自動抓取聲音頻譜峰值參數功能，可計算頻譜質心的客觀聲音指標，以界定聲音的宏亮度；最後建立聲音重建模組，透過理論解析方式，可獲得聲音特徵，包含音色參數與時間參數，並進行聲音重建。本文所建立的矩形平板自動化分析模組，可快速取得小提琴素材機械性質，並提出音場分析技術，透過理論分析探討小提琴發聲機制，並建立聲音重建模組，進行聲音重建。同時，本文所建立自動化分析模組與音場技術發展也適用於其他結構。
並列摘要
Manufacture of violin may rely on experiences or trial-and-error. To understand how to make a good quality of violin, one may need to know the sound and vibration of violin structure. It is of interest to explore the sound generation mechanism, while Experimental modal analysis (EMA) and finite element analysis (FEA) can be effective tools. In FEA, material properties of model can be crucial. Model verification (MV) can be performed to determine mechanical properties of wooden materials used in violin. For FEA in MV, one needs to perform modal analysis, harmonic response analysis and optimization. Thoese processes are tedious and repetitive. This work develops the automatic analysis module for a rectangular plate to effectively obtain mechanical properties of violin wooden materials. Next, the violin finite element models are constructred to investigate sound generation mechanism of violin for both structure-only system model and structure-air coupling system model, respectively, including modal analysis and harmonic response analysis. Results show that violin soundbox’s cavity modes dominate those sound radiation below 500 Hz of sound spectrum, while those flexible body modes of soundbox contribute to sound radiation above 500 Hz. Violin’s sound and vibration (S&V) can also be studied through experimental measurement. The massive amount of S&V data files cause inefficient manipulation and analysis. Therefore, this work develop the data base management module and sound quality index analysis module to expedite the process. The peaks of sound spectrum can be automatically extracted and useful to calculate the spectrum centroid which is an objective index to evaluate the brightness of sound. Finally, the sound reconstruction module is developed to obtain tone color parameters and time parameters for a sound data so as to rebuild the sound numerically. This work establishes the rectangular plate automatic analysis module to obtain violin wooden material’s mechanical properties, applies the vibro-acoustic analysis techniques to examine sound generation mechanism of violin, and develops the sound reconstruction module to rebuild the musical sound. The developed automatic analysis modules and acoustic analysis techniques can be applied to other structures as well.
參考文獻
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