台灣蜆及苦瓜複方調節血脂之功效評估

Assessment of the efficacy of Corbicula fluminea and Momordica charantia complex on blood lipid regulation

陳冠宏(Chen Guan-Hong)

指導教授 ： 陳與國 ； 余旭勝

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/食品科學系所/碩士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST202100333

摘要

全球高脂血症的罹患率正不斷的迅速增加，而高脂飲食是造成高脂血症的主要原因之一。在現代社會中已將多種具有保健功效的天然食材應用於健康食品的開發，例如：台灣蜆 (Corbicula fluminea) 以其對肝臟的保護作用而聞名，而苦瓜 (Momordica charantia) 在調節血糖方面具有一定的功效。諸多文獻指出台灣蜆及苦瓜皆對肝臟功能具有調節作用，而肝臟功能在脂質代謝中扮演著關鍵的角色。因此本實驗目的為探討將台灣蜆及苦瓜作為複方是否對於血脂具有調節作用，並進一步研究其相關機制途徑。實驗將倉鼠分為四組，分別為 (1) 控制組 (control, C)：給予基礎飼料；(2) 負控制組 (high fat diet, HFD)：給予高脂飼料；(3) 低劑量複方組 (low dose freshwater clam + bitter melon, LFB)：給予高脂飼料及蜆萃取物 (55 mg/kg/day) 與苦瓜粉末 (110 mg/kg/day) 複方；(4) 高劑量複方組 (high dose freshwater clam + bitter melon, HFB)：給予高脂飼料及蜆萃取物 (275 mg/kg/day) 與苦瓜粉末 (550 mg/kg/day) 複方。結果顯示，餵食6週的HFD顯著提高倉鼠的血清總膽固醇 (total cholesterol, TC) 與三酸甘油酯含量 (triglyceride, TG) (p< 0.05)，而給予台灣蜆與苦瓜複方能顯著降低血清TC (LFB: 50%; HFB: 56%) 及TG (LFB: 38%; HFB: 46%) 的含量 (p< 0.05)。在脂蛋白方面，複方樣品的給予能夠有效的降低VLDL-C (LFB: 43%; HFB: 55%) 及LDL-C (LFB: 31%; HFB: 37%) 的濃度，並且增加HDL-C (LFB: 27%; HFB: 37%) 的濃度，顯示複方樣品的給予具有調節脂蛋白之功效。除此之外，複方樣品能夠顯著的降低肝臟中的TC (LFB: 23%; HFB: 36%) 及TG (LFB: 38%; HFB: 46%) 含量，對於糞便僅增加TC (LFB: 26%; HFB: 34%) 的排出量，而對TG則不具有影響。接著以西方墨點法進行蛋白表現分析，由實驗結果可得知複方樣品的給予可增加肝臟中LDLR的表現、抑制HMGCR的膽固醇生成途徑、刺激CYP7A1的膽固醇轉化途徑及降低FAS的TG生成途徑。根據上述可得出，台灣蜆及苦瓜複方能夠顯著的改善血脂異常，主要機制是藉由增加LDL-C及膽固醇的代謝，以及抑制膽固醇及TG的生成以達到調節效果。綜合以上結果，台灣蜆及苦瓜複方具有發展成調節血脂之健康食品的潛力。

關鍵字

高脂血症 ； 台灣蜆 ； 苦瓜 ； 調節血脂

並列摘要

The global prevalence of hyperlipidemia is increasing rapidly, and high-fat diet is one of the main causes of hyperlipidemia. In modern society, varieties of natural ingredients with health benefits have been used to the development of healthy food. For example, freshwater clam (Corbicula fluminea) is known for its protective effect on the liver, while bitter melon (Momordica charantia) has a certain effect on blood glucose regulation. Several reports indicated that both freshwater clam and bitter melon have beneficial effects on liver function, and liver function plays a vital role in lipid metabolism. Therefore, the major purpose of this experiment is to investigate whether the complex of freshwater clam and bitter melon has the regulatory effect on blood lipids, and to elucidate its related mechanisms. The hamsters were divided into four groups: (1) control group (C: fed basic diet); (2) negative control group (high fat diet, HFD: fed high fat diet); (3) low-dose complex group (LFB: fed HFD and 55 mg/kg/day of freshwater clam + 110 mg/kg/day of bitter melon); (4) high-dose complex group (HFB: fed HFD and 275 mg/kg/day of freshwater clam + 550 mg/kg/day of bitter melon). The results showed that fed with HFD for 6 weeks significantly increased serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) (p< 0.05) of hamsters, while the treatment of freshwater clam and bitter melon complex significantly reduced serum TC (LFB: 50%; HFB: 56%) and TG (LFB: 38%; HFB: 46%) contents (p< 0.05). In lipoproteins, the administration of complex samples effectively reduced the serum concentration of VLDL-C (LFB: 43%; HFB: 55%) and LDL-C (LFB: 31%; HFB: 37%), and increased the concentration of HDL-C (LFB: 27%; HFB: 37%), which indicates that the administration of complex sample has the efficacy in regulation of lipoprotein metabolism. Moreover, the compound sample treatment significantly reduced the contents of TC (LFB: 23%; HFB: 36%) and TG (LFB: 38%; HFB: 46%) in the liver. However, it only increased the excretion of TC (LFB: 26%; HFB: 34%) in feces, but had no effect on TG. The western blot results showed that the administration of complex sample increased the expression of LDLR, inhibited the cholesterol production pathway of HMGCR, stimulated the cholesterol conversion pathway of CYP7A1, and reduced the triglyceride production pathway of FAS in the liver. According to the above, the freshwater clam and bitter melon complex can significantly improve dyslipidemia. The main mechanism is to increase the metabolism of LDL-C and cholesterol, and inhibit the production of cholesterol and triglycerides to achieve the regulatory benefits of blood lipids. Based on the above results, the freshwater clam and bitter melon complex has the potential to develop as a healthy food for blood lipid regulation.

並列關鍵字

hyperlipidemia ； Corbicula fluminea ； Momordica charantia ； blood lipid regulation

參考文獻

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