具碳稅、能源耗用與品質改善策略考慮之買賣整合供應鏈存貨模式

隨著全球氣候的極端變化、溫室效應的影響與民眾環保意識的崛起，使得碳排放的議題在近年來越來越受到各國的關注。目前已知的減碳策略當中，課徵碳稅是公認對於減少碳排放最有效的方法之一。此外，產品的生產速度會影響生產時的能源耗用以及碳排放量，進而對總生產相關成本造成影響。再者產品生產過程經常會有不良品的產生，而其不良率可透過品質改善成本的投入加以降低。因此本研究分別以供應商管理存貨以及零售商管理存貨之角度探討買賣整合供應鏈模式，建構考量生產、運輸、儲存之碳排放成本、品質改善策略，同時考慮能源耗用受生產率影響的買賣整合存貨系統，並以最小化買賣整合總成本為目標，提出兩個可求得最適單位時間生產率、生產批量、運送次數及品質改善策略等決策變數之演算法。最後以數值範例進行模式的應用說明與敏感度分析，並利用軟體設計一套存貨決策系統，以供學術界或實務界作為模式應用時的重要參考。

關鍵字

能源耗用；可變動生產率；買賣整合供應鏈；碳排放成本

並列摘要

With the global climate extreme changes, the impact of the greenhouse effect, and the rise of people’s awareness of environmental protection, the issue of carbon emissions has attracted more and more attention from various countries in recent years. Among the currently known carbon reduction strategies, levying a carbon tax is recognized as one of the most effective ways to reduce carbon emissions. In line of the shop floor management, the production effectiveness will affect the energy consumption and carbon emissions, which in turn will affect the total production costs. Furthermore, defective products are often produced in the production process, and the defective rate can be reduced through the investment in quality improvement costs. Therefore, this study aims at minimizing the total cost of supply chain, constructs two models under consideration on integrated vendor-buyer supply chain with carbon emission costs in terms of production, transportation, storage, quality improvement strategies and energy consumption. Moreover, two algorithms are developed to find the global optimal solutions. Finally, numerical examples and sensitivity analyses are performed to demonstrate the systems suitability for the parameters that set in the models, and the availability for the inventory systems while making decision is also determined through a designed software system.