海拔芽孢桿菌對尼羅吳郭魚成長、免疫與疾病抵抗之影響

Effects of dietary probiotic Bacillus altitudinis on growth performance, innate immunity and disease resistance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

凡妮蒂(Vanity Kurnia Baihaqi)

指導教授 ： 胡紹揚

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/生物科技系/碩士(2022年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST202200073

摘要

中文摘要

水產養殖是最快的食品生產方式之一，提供超過50%人類水產品的糧食需求，然而細菌性誘發的疾病問題是目前阻礙水產養殖永續發展的主要問題。抗生素的處理在養殖上常使用於防止疾病的爆發或治療，然而抗生素的濫用已造成環境汙染與人類食品安全的風險。水產養殖上益生菌普遍作為免疫刺激物用以預防疾病的發生，本研究中由吳郭魚腸道中篩選一株分泌蛋白酶、纖維素酶、木聚醣酶與脂肪酶之菌株，該菌株經由16S rDNA序列與生化分析鑑定為海拔芽孢桿菌(Bacillus altitudinis)，於飼料中添加105 (E1組)、106 (E2組)與107 (E3組) CFU/kg 餵食吳郭魚8週以評估其對成長、先天免疫與疾病抵抗之功效。結果顯示E3組吳郭魚之體重增加與生長速率顯著高於控制組、E1與E2之組別。E2與E3組之飼料效益則顯著高於控制組與E1組。E2與E3組吳郭魚腸道中之消化蛋白酶、澱粉酶、纖維素酶、木聚醣酶與脂肪酶均顯著高於控制組與E1組，相似的結果亦呈現於肝臟營養代謝與生長相關之G6Pase、G6PD、GHR與IGF-1基因。E3組吳郭魚頭腎白血球之吞噬活性、呼吸爆與血液中之溶菌酶活性均顯著高於控制組、E1與E2組別之吳郭魚。E2組與E3組吳郭魚頭腎與脾臟之IL-1β、IL-15與TNF-α表現均顯著高於控制組與E1組之吳郭魚。餵食海拔芽孢桿菌之吳郭魚組別，感染魚型鏈球菌(Streptococcus iniae)後之累積死亡率明顯小於控制組，綜上所述，每日餵食海拔芽孢桿菌(B. altitudinis)有助於吳郭魚之免疫調節與疾病抵抗，具有潛力開發作為應用於水產養殖之益生菌，並以每公斤飼料中添加107 CFU為最佳劑量。
關鍵字: 益生菌、海拔芽孢桿菌、吳郭魚、成長、先天免疫

關鍵字

益生菌 ； 海拔芽孢桿菌 ； 吳郭魚 ； 成長 ； 先天免疫

並列摘要

ABSTRACT

Aquaculture is one of the fastest-growing food producing sectors. It provides more than 50% of fish products for human consumption. However, bacterial-induced diseases have become the major issue to block the sustainable development of aquaculture. Antibiotics treatment is usually used in the fish farming to prevent disease outbreaks or for therapeutic purpose. However, abuse of antibiotics not only cause of environmental pollution, but also cause risk of human food safety. Probiotic as immunomodulant is a popular prophylactic strategy for disease control in aquaculture. In the present study, a protease-, cellulase-, xylanase- and lipase-producing strain was isolated from the intestine of Nile tilapia and characterized as Bacillus altitudinis by 16S rDNA sequencing and biochemical analysis. In order to evaluate B. altitudinis as a probiotic to promote growth performance, innate immunity and disease resistance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), which was fed with diet containing 105 CFU/kg (E1), 106 CFU/kg (E2) and 107 CFU/kg (E3) for eight weeks, respectively. The results showed that the weight gain and specific growth rate in tilapia of E3 group was significantly increased compared with those in tilapia of control, E1 and E2 groups. The feed efficiency in tilapia of E2 and E3 groups were significantly increased compared with those in tilapia of control and E1 groups. Tilapia in E2 and E3 groups exhibited higher digestive protease, amylase, cellulase, xylanase and lipase activities than those in tilapia of control and E1 groups. Similarity, the expression of hepatic G6Pase, G6PD, GHR and IGF-1 genes in tilapia of E2 and E3 groups were significantly increased compared with those in tilapia of control and E1 groups. Immune parameters such as the phagocytic activity and respiratory bursts of head kidney leukocytes; serum lysozyme activity were significantly elevated in tilapia of E3 group compared with those in tilapia of control, E1 and E2 groups. The expression of IL-1β, IL-15 and TNF-α in head kidney and spleen of tilapia in E2 and E3 groups were significantly increased compared with those in tilapia of control and E1 groups. The declined cumulative mortality after Streptococcus iniae infection was exhibited in tilapia supplemented with B. altitudinis. These above results elucidated that dietary supplementation of B. altitudinis contributes to innate immunity and disease resistance, indicating B. altitudinis has potential as a probiotic for aquaculture. Moreover, 107 CFU/kg is the optimal using dose in tilapia aquaculture.
Key words: probiotics, Bacillus altitudinis, tilapia, innate immunity, disease resistance

並列關鍵字

probiotics ； Bacillus altitudinis ； tilapia ； innate immunity ； disease resistance

參考文獻

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