八週集中式與分散式漸進強度運動介入對體位不良智能障礙學生體質改善之研究

Effects of Continuous and Discontinuous Progressive Intensity Training of 8 Weeks on the Body Composition of Moderate Intellectual Disability Adverse Anthropometry Student

許烜睿(Hsu Hsuan-Jui)

指導教授 ： 徐錦興

國立屏東科技大學/人文暨社會科學院/休閒運動健康系所/碩士(2020年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST202100008

摘要

背景：智能障礙學生因先天限制與運動量不足，容易導致體位不良，如體重過重甚至肥胖等症狀而成為代謝症候群的高危險群，而提高罹患慢性病率的風險。目的：探討集中式與分散式漸進強度運動對體位不良智能障礙學生的體質之影響。方法：採準實驗性研究設計法，以屏東縣某特殊教育學校20位體位不良之智能障礙學生為受試對象；研究者設計以漸進強度(跑步機平均速度增加25%及50%)、固定訓練頻率（實驗組1於上課日上、下午各進行15分鐘分散式跑步機運動；實驗組2於上課日每日下午進行30分鐘集中式跑步機運動）之身體活動量為介入標準，強化其每日運動機會，並另外以10位相同條件範圍之學生，維持正常作息做為對照組。研究工具為跑步機，實驗期程共 10週。受試對象分別於第 1週及第 10週接受前、後測，紀錄其身體質量指數、腰臀比、體脂肪率、一分鐘安靜心率等變化。所有資料以 SPSS 22.0版統計軟體進行分析，並以比較平均數法及共變數分析等驗證研究假設。結果：八週集中式與分散式漸進強度運動能改善智能障礙體位不良學生之體質，降低腰臀比、體脂肪率、提升心肺適能，但各組間未達顯著差異。結論：集中式與分散式運動對於體位不良智能障礙學生之體質均有顯著改善，而漸進強度則可協助學生逐步適應並養成運動習慣。

關鍵字

智能障礙學生 ； 體位不良 ； 體質 ； 漸進強度運動

並列摘要

Background: Owing to congenital restriction and insufficient exercise, students with intellectual disabilities are prone to weight management issues, such as overweight or obesity. Consequently, this group is at a high risk of both metabolic syndromes and chronic diseases. Objective: We aimed to explore the effects of both concentrated and decentralized progressive-intensity treadmill exercise on the physical fitness of students with intellectual disabilities and poor weight management. Methods: We adopted a quasi-experimental research design, using 20 mentally handicapped students with poor weight management from a special education school in Pingtung County as the subjects. We used progressive intensity (increasing the average treadmill speed by 25% and 50%) and fixed training frequency (Experimental Group 1 performed 15 minutes of decentralized treadmill exercise in both the morning and afternoon on school days; Experimental Group 2 performed 30 minutes of concentrated treadmill exercise in the afternoon on school days) protocols as the intervention standard; moreover, additional daily exercise was encouraged. A control group comprising 10 students with similar physical conditions was requested to maintain their usual study and rest schedules. The research tool was a treadmill, and the experiment lasted 10 weeks in total. The subjects underwent pre- and post-testing during both the first and tenth weeks, and we recorded changes in their physical characteristics, such as body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, body fat percentage, and one-minute resting heart rate. The subsequent analysis was performed with SPSS Version 22.0 statistical software, and the research hypotheses were verified by comparing the mean values and performing an analysis of covariance. Results: We found that 8 weeks of either concentrated and decentralized progressive-intensity exercise improved the physical fitness of intellectual disability students with adverse anthropometry by reducing their waist-to-hip ratio, body fat percentage, and cardiorespiratory fitness; however, there was no statistically significant difference among the groups. Conclusion: Both concentrated and decentralized exercise significantly improved the physical fitness of mentally impaired students with adverse anthropometry, and progressive intensity exercise could help students gradually adapt to exercise and perform habitual physical activity.

並列關鍵字

intellectual disability students ； adverse anthropometry ； physical fitness ； progressive-intensity exercise

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