台灣下痢鴿子之沙門氏桿菌及大腸桿菌的調查

沙門氏桿菌(Salmonella spp.)與大腸桿菌(Escherichia coli)是鴿子體內的常在菌，若其體內有致病型的病原菌，當鴿子處在環境改變或氣候過度的變化所產生之『緊迫現象』，體內致病性病原菌乘機在鴿子體內大量的繁殖，導致鴿子出現下痢症狀，而了解鴿子的致病原因、感染來源、與病原菌繁殖力與季節的影響、不同年齡層受感染的程度等層面，將能成功控制鴿子感染傳播的重要流行病學因素。所以本研究想了解台灣地區鴿子沙門氏桿菌與大腸桿菌的感染情況，有助於沙門氏桿菌與大腸桿菌之預防與控制。本研究期間為2017年4月至2019年3月，從北部、中部和南部地區每個月收集30個泄殖腔拭子樣本或鴿糞樣本，共有720個田間樣本，同時收集其性別、年齡、季節、地區、飼養的階段、飼養功能類別(賽鴿或種鴿)、飼養環境和健康狀況等相關資訊，通過聚合酶連鎖反應(Polymerase Chain Reaction, PCR)鑑定沙門氏桿菌與大腸桿菌。結果顯示，在720隻鴿子樣本中檢出沙門氏桿菌的發生率為27.8%，大腸桿菌的發生率為56.7%。1個月以上未滿3個月之幼鴿得到沙門氏桿菌及大腸桿菌之比例最高，其次是未滿1個月之幼鴿，再者是3個月以上未滿1年的鴿子，發生率最低的是1年以上的成鴿。沙門氏桿菌與大腸桿菌的發生率皆在5至7月(夏)的比例最高，其次是2至4月(春)，再次是8至10月(秋)，發生率最低的是11至1月(冬)。感染沙門氏桿菌與大腸桿菌的發生率分別在台灣北、中、南地區分布情況，沙門氏桿菌與大腸桿菌發生在南部的情況最多，其次是中部，北部最少。沙門氏桿菌與大腸桿菌的發生率與在各飼養階段所占的比例，在訓練期的階段中沙門氏桿菌與大腸桿菌的發生率最高，其次是比賽期，育雛期最少。在性別區別上感染沙門氏桿菌與大腸桿菌的情況，顯示母鴿感染沙門氏桿菌與大腸桿菌的比例較公鴿高。賽鴿感染沙門氏桿菌與大腸桿菌的比例皆高於種鴿感染沙門氏桿菌與大腸桿菌的比例。

關鍵字

聚合酶鏈鎖反應；鴿子；沙門氏桿菌；大腸桿菌

並列摘要

Salmonella and Escherichia coli are common bacteria in pigeons. If there are pathogenic pathogens in the body, when the pigeons are exposed to "urgent phenomena" caused by environmental changes or excessive climate changes, pathogenic pathogens in the body take the opportunity to A large amount of breeding in pigeons leads to the symptoms of diarrhea in pigeons. Understanding the cause of the pigeons, the source of infection, the reproductive power of pathogens and the effects of seasons, and the degree of infection at different ages will successfully control the spread of pigeon infections. Important epidemiological factors. Therefore, this study wants to understand the infection status of Salmonella and Escherichia coli in Taiwan, and it is helpful for the prevention and control of Salmonella and Escherichia coli. During the study period, from April 2017 to March 2019, 30 cloaca swab samples or pigeon dung samples were collected from the northern, central and southern regions each month. There were 720 field samples and their gender, age and season were collected. Information on Salmonella and Escherichia coli by Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR), information on areas, feeding stages, feeding function categories (race or breeders), feeding environment and health status. The results showed that the incidence of Salmonella in 720 pigeon samples was 27.8%, and the incidence of Escherichia coli was 56.7%. Young pigeons with more than 1 month and less than 3 months have the highest proportion of Salmonella and Escherichia coli, followed by young birds less than 1 month, and pigeons less than 3 months old, infection rate The lowest is an old bird of more than one year. The incidence of Salmonella and Escherichia coli was highest in May to July (summer), followed by February to April (spring), and again from August to October (autumn). The lowest incidence was November to January(winter). The incidence of Salmonella infection and Escherichia coli was distributed in the northern, central and southern parts of Taiwan. Salmonella and Escherichia coli occurred most in the south, followed by the central part and the least in the north. The incidence of Salmonella and Escherichia coli and the proportion of each breeding stage, the highest infection rate of Salmonella and Escherichia coli during the training period, followed by the competition period, the least during the brooding period. Infections between Salmonella and Escherichia coli in terms of gender differences indicate that the ratio of Salmonella to Escherichia coli in hens is higher than that of cocks. The ratio of Salmonella to Escherichia coli in the pigeons is higher than that of the pigeons infected with Salmonella and Escherichia coli.