廢棄物處理廠內空氣品質特徵

為了解廢棄物處理廠作業環境之空氣品質特性，本研究於中華民國 109 年 8 月至 9 月間在屏東縣屏南工業區某廢棄物處理廠製程區及辦公室內，藉由直讀式儀器進行檢測，探討該廢棄物處理廠內空氣品質時序變化，以比較製程區於作業前、中、後空氣品質差異，並比較製程區與廠內辦公室空氣品質之關係。結果顯示：廢棄物處理廠於作業期間及裂解爐清理時，廠內製程區 S1 至 S4 等 4 測點 PM2.5 及 PM10 之平均濃度均分別明顯地較未作業時增加；與未作業時相較，其 PM2.5 及 PM10 平均濃度分別提高 3.9~9.5 及 1.3~1.9 倍。廠區懸浮微粒(PM10)以粗懸浮微粒(PM2.5-10)為主。廠區室內辦公室出入口之 S5 測點未作業時 PM2.5 及 PM10 之平均濃度均分別反較作業期間之平均測值稍高，且均與「作業期間」及「裂解爐清理時」兩時段之平均值相當。廠區辦公室內點線香之神明桌旁測點 S6，於夜間廠內無作業且無人員進出活動、室內呈封閉狀態時，因線香逸散大量微小細懸浮微粒，其PM2.5與PM10監測平均濃度均分別為397.46±10.14 µg/m3，監測之平均濃度分別為 IAQ 標準之 11.4 及 5.3 倍；夜間(無作業期間)室內辦公室之懸浮微粒(PM10)完全均為細懸浮微粒(PM2.5)。由於廠內作業期間及裂解爐清理時，有人員進出辦公室，使得辦公室內外空氣得以交換，致辦公室內 PM2.5 與 PM10 濃度均明顯下降，PM2.5 及 PM10 平均濃度幾乎均可以符合 IAQ 之標準。因辦公室內線香會產生大量細懸浮微粒(PM2.5)，其對室內人員健康之危害值得加以重視。本研究結果未來可提供相關作業場所 IAQ 管制之參考。

關鍵字

廢棄物處理廠；勞工作業場所；室內空氣品質； PM2.5 ； PM10

並列摘要

To understand the air quality characteristics of the working environment in a waste treatment plant, this study was conducted with the real-time monitoring instruments to evaluate the differences among the air quality before, during, and after the normal operation in the process area and office in a waste treatment plant in the Pingnan Industrial Park (Pingtung County, Taiwan) in August to September 2020. The research results are as follows: In comparison, the average concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and suspended particulate matter (PM10) had significantly increased at S1 to S4 sampling points in the process area during the working period of both waste treatment plant and the cleaning process of cracking furnace than the non-operation period. Moreover, the average concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 during working period increased 3.9–9.5 and 1.3–1.9 times, respectively, from the non-operation period. We also figure that the coarse suspended particles (PM2.5-10) predominated the PM10 in the plant area. On the other hand, the average concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 were both slightly higher at the entrance of the indoor office (point S5) during the non-operation period than those during working period. Moreover, the office air quality was even similar to those during the waste treatment plant operation and the cracking furnace cleaning. This could be due to the large number of fine suspended particle emissions from the incense on the offering table and the accumulation of the particles in a relatively enclosed space without human activities. The average concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 were both 397.46±10.14 µg/m3 and representing 11.4 and 5.3 times to the IAQ standard. The PM10 were all PM2.5 in the indoor office at night (non-operation period). Because of the personnel got in-and-out of the office during the period of in-plant operation and the cracking furnace cleaning, the indoor air was diluted by the outdoor air and significantly decreased the PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in the office. Thus, both of two PM levels in the office meet the IAQ standard. Notably, the incense emission in the office produced a large amount of PM2.5 and was harmful to the labor health. The results of this study could provide a reference for IAQ control in relevant workplaces in the future.