火鶴花與電信蘭微體繁殖及誘變育種

Micropropagation and Mutation Breeding of Anthurium Hybrids and Monstera deliciosa

黃雅玲(Huang Ya-Ling)

指導教授 ： 陳福旗

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/農園生產系所/博士(2019年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST201900415

摘要

火鶴花商業栽培通常以組培苗為種植材料，因此新品種育成後的種苗繁殖，為未來品種命名時不可或缺的技術。本研究探討不同消毒方式對火鶴花葉片培植體污染率、褐化率、癒合組織誘導率及不定芽再生之影響。試驗結果顯示，‘高雄2號’利用0.15%次氯酸鈉進行消毒，癒合組織誘導率最高，可達100%；‘高雄1號’則以0.6%次氯酸鈉消毒，誘導率可達5%；‘Orange Hot’則任何濃度處理皆無法成功誘導出癒合組織。利用Plant Preservative Mixture (PPM) 處理三個品種，‘高雄2號’以培養基添加0.01% PPM，癒合組織誘導率最高，可達55%；‘高雄1號’及‘Orange Hot’則添加任何濃度PPM處理皆無法誘導癒合組織。
利用γ射線照射處理火鶴花 ‘高雄2號’盆花的癒傷組織，以誘導潛在的變異。以展開葉片經0.15%次氯酸鈉表面消毒，經過3次無菌水清洗後，培植體培養於含有0.5 mg L-1 TDZ之1/2MS培養基，並置於25±2ºC和60%RH黑暗環境下約經10週誘導形成癒傷組織。從葉片培植體切下癒傷組織，在相同的誘導培養基上繼代培養，並重複培養3次以進行增殖。利用γ射線照射，癒傷組織的存活率因照射劑量提高而減少，半致死劑量範圍為10-20 Gy之間。不定芽增殖的最佳γ射線照射劑量為2.5 Gy。目前γ射線處理後再生植株經出瓶培養，19個月後開花率為60%。在開花植物中觀察到不同的葉片斑葉型態，斑葉比率約0.05%。
具有商品性的斑葉電信蘭品種為市場上所需。本研究嘗試利用γ射線照射處理種子以期獲得斑葉變異，經初步試驗結果，新鮮種子處理γ射線半致死劑量範圍為10-25 Gy；另外，種子經過浸種後可以忍受較高的γ射線劑量，目前經栽培後已得到淺綠色至黃綠色的斑葉變異品系。

關鍵字

不定芽 ； 癒合組織誘導 ； 半致死劑量 ； 葉片培植體 ； 斑葉 ； 觀葉植物 ； 種子發芽率 ； 表面消毒

並列摘要

The development of new Anthurium cultivars relies on the efficient micropropagation of young plants for commercial cultivation. The aim of this study was to investigate different disinfection methods on the contamination, browning and the callus induction and subsequent adventitious shoot formation of anthurium leaf explants. The results showed that disinfection by 0.15% sodium hypochloride was better for explants of ‘Kaohsiung No. 2’ (Ruby), with callus induction rate up to 100%. While for ‘Kaohsiung No. 1’ (Happy Melody), 0.6% sodium hypochloride was better for disinfection with 5% callus induction rate. However, no callus was induced in ‘Orange Hot’ by any hypochloride concentration. By adding 0.01% Plant Preservative Mixture (PPMTM) to the culture medium, callus induction rate of ‘Kaohsiung No. 2’ (Ruby) was up to 55%. No callus formation was observed for both ‘Kaohsiung No. 1’ (Happy Melody) and ‘Orange Hot’ by supplementing PPM to the medium.
The callus induced from Anthurium ‘Kaohsiung No. 2’ (Ruby) was used for gamma irradiation mutagenesis. The leaf was disinfected with 0.15% sodium hypochlorite, washed three times with sterile water, and leaf segment explants cultured on half strength Murashige and Skoog medium containing 0.5 mg L-1 thidiazuron and incubated in the dark at 25 ± 2ºC and 60% RH until callus formation, which took about 10 weeks. The induced callus was excised from leaf explants and subcultured on the same induction medium 3 times for proliferation prioe to gamma irradiation treatment. Higher gamma irradiation dosage decreased callus survival rate. The lethal dosage range for 50% callus survival rate reduction was between 10 to 20 Gy. For adventitious shoot proliferation the best dosage was by 2.5 Gy gamma irradiation. After the gamma irradiation treatment, the regenerated plantlets were transplanted and grown for 19 months with the flowering rate of 60%. Different pattern of leaf variegation was observed in the flowering plants following gamma irradiation, and the leaf variegation rate was about 0.05 %.
Variegated Monstera plants of commercial importance is demanded by the market. The study investigated potential mutations induced by using gamma irradiation of seeds. The result revealed the LD50 dosage was between 10 to 25 Gy by using gamma irradiation. The pre-soaked seeds were more tolerant to higher dosage of irradiation. Different pattern of leaf variegation was obtained after gamma irradiation mutagenesis and subsequent cultivation, including light green to yellow green sectors.

並列關鍵字

adventitious shoot regeneration ； callus induction ； median lethal dose (LD50) ； leaf explants ； leaf variegation ； ornamental foliage ； seed germination rate ； surface disinfection

參考文獻

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