酸麵糰微生物之篩選及應用田口灰關聯分析法於天然紅藜酵母麵包品質之研究

Djulis（Chenopodium formosanum），稱為紅色藜麥或台灣紅藜，首先種植於台灣南部和東部的原住民部落，具有很高的營養價值及特色。於本實驗開發出一種新的烘焙產品為djulis酸麵糰麵包，及結合田口（Taguchi）法和灰色理論來優化烘焙產品配方。運用Taguchi法的五個主要的影響因子為紅藜酸麵糰（A）、脫殼熟紅藜（B）、油脂種類（C）、麵包粉（濕麵筋含量為29.0％）和高筋粉（濕麵筋含量為35.5％）的混合麵粉料（D）和蜂蜜（E），其每個因子有四個水準被選擇用於田口實驗設計（L16（4）5）。相關參數為儀器檢測值，分別有5項質地剖面分析值（脆性、彈性、內聚性、黏彈性和咀嚼性）、3項色澤分析值（L*、a*和b*）和6項感官品評評估項目值（外觀、香氣、苦味、酸味、耐嚼性及總體接受度）。運用田口-灰關聯分析法找出最佳烘焙產品配方條件，創新性優化技術的優勢，研究結果生產具有最佳質地、顏色和感官品質的紅藜酵母麵包的最佳配方因子為A3B1C1D2E2，最佳配方天然紅藜酵母麵包的烘焙配方為20％紅藜酸麵糰、0％脫殼蒸熟紅藜、8％無鹽奶油、80％台灣麵粉+ 20％水手牌高筋麵粉和10％蜂蜜，及固定配方有2%鹽、54%水、新鮮酵母3.5%、奶粉4%、雞蛋12%所製作天然紅藜酵母麵包。其新穎的應用方法可作為烘焙業提高產品品質的參考。

關鍵字

紅藜；田口灰關聯法；質地剖面分析法；感官品評；酸麵糰

並列摘要

Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum), known as red quinoa or Taiwan djulis, originally cultivated by Taiwanese indigenous people in mountain areas in eastern and southern Taiwan, has a high nutritional value and characteristic properties. In the present study, a new bakery product (djulis sourdough bread) was developed and a combination of the Taguchi method coupled with grey theory was utilized to optimize the baking parameters (product formulation). Five main factors, i.e., djulis sourdough (A), hulled djulis (B), oil type (C), a mixture of bread flour (wet gluten content of 29.0%) and a high-gluten flour (wet gluten content of 35.5%) (D), and honey (E), (each at four levels) were chosen for the Taguchi experiment design (L16 (4)5). Dependent parameters were the data from texture profile analysis (brittleness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness), color analysis (L*, a*, and b*), and sensory evaluation (appearance, aroma, bitterness, sourness, chewiness, and overall acceptance) of the final product. Taguchi grey relational analysis successfully determined the optimal conditions based on combined parameters (5 factors), which highlighted the advantages of this innovative optimization technique. The result shows that the optimal formula for producing a djulis sourdough bread with the best texture, color, and sensory qualities was A3B1C1D2E2, i.e., 20% djulis sourdough, 0% addition of hulled djulis, 8% unsalted butter, 80% wheat flour + 20% high-gluten flour, 10% honey, 2% salt, 54% water, 3.5% fresh yeast, 4% milk powder, and 12% egg, respectively. Such a novel application could be a reference for improving the quality of bakery products in the industry.