可可果莢不同加工方式對白蝦成長、緊迫生理與免疫反應及抗病能力之影響

Effects of different cacao husk processing on growth performance, stressful physiological and immunological response, and disease resistance in Litopenaeus vannamei

李政穎(Li Cheng-Ying)

指導教授 ： 鄭文騰

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/水產養殖系所/碩士(2022年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST202200223

摘要

本研究將可可果莢不同加工方式產物包括乾燥可可果莢粉末 (DCP)、蒸煮乾燥可可果莢粉末 (vDCP)、可可果莢熱水萃取混和液 (HCP)、熱水萃取混和液之上清液 (HCS)、可可果莢果膠 (CHP) 添加於飼料並餵食南美白蝦 (Litopenaeus vannamei)，探討成長表現、緊迫生理與免疫反應及抗病能力。研究結果顯示餵食 CHP 飼料組 120 天後其活存率與 control 組相較之下有顯著提升。與 control 組相比較餵食 DCP、vDCP、HCP 飼料組別 120 天後其體重增加率顯著提升，餵食 HCS、CHP 組 90、120 天後無顯著差異。餵食 CHP 組 30 天後其總血球數、不同血球數、酚氧化酵素活性、超氧陰離子活性、溶菌酶活性顯著提升，60 天後則回復基礎值。餵食 HCS 組在 90、120 天提升超氧陰離子活性，60、90 天提升酚氧化酵素活性。餵食 HCP 組在 60、120 天提升超氧陰離子活性，30、60 天提升酚氧化酵素活性，60 天提升溶菌酶活性。所有餵食可可果莢添加飼料組別，餵食 30、60、90、120 天後對溶藻弧菌 (Vibrio alginolyticus) 之清除效率皆顯著高於 control 組。餵食 HCP、HCS、CHP 飼料組其吞噬活性於餵食後 30、60、90 天後皆顯著高於 control 組。所有餵食可可果莢添加飼料組別，餵食 30、60、90、120 天低溫緊迫前後血淋巴乳酸、葡萄糖濃度無顯著差異。餵食 CHP 飼料組 30 天後以及餵食 vDCP、HCP、HCS 飼料組 60 天後其血淋巴 DA 濃度於低溫緊迫後顯著降低。餵食 vDCP、HCP、HCS、CHP 飼料組 30、60、90、120 天低溫緊迫前後血淋巴 NE 濃度無顯著差異。餵食 CHP 組在 30、60 天提升血淋巴 TA、OA 濃度，餵食 vDCP、HCP、HCS 組在 30 天後顯著提升血淋巴 TA 濃度。餵食 HCP、HCS 組在 30 天後顯著提升血淋巴 OA 濃度。所有餵食可可果莢添加飼料組別，餵食 120 天後溶藻弧菌感染 144 小時活存率均顯著提升。研究結果證實餵食 HCP、HCS 組雖活存率低於 CHP 組，但體重增加率於 90 天後高於 CHP 組，且具較長期的免疫提升功效。基於促進成長表現、提升免疫抗病能力與穩定緊迫後生理反應之功效，並考量加工成本與永續經營目標，HCP 產品最具有作為蝦類保健飼料添加劑的開發潛力。

關鍵字

南美白蝦 ； 溶藻弧菌 ； 免疫抗病能力 ； 可可果莢

並列摘要

The project aimed on the dietary administration of product in each processed methods of cocoa husk including dried cacao husk powder (DCP), vapor dried cacao husk powder (vDCP), water-treated cacao husk powder (HCP), hot water-treated cacao husk supernatant (HCS) and cacao husk pectin (CHP). Determination of growth performance, stressful physiological and immunological response, and resistant to pathogen are conducted after feeding trail. The results showed that survival rate of shrimp fed with CPH after 120 days was significantly higher than shrimp fed with Control. The weight gain rate of shrimp fed with DCP, vDCP, HCP 120 days were significantly higher than other group, but the weight gain rate of shrimp fed with HCS, CHP after 90, 120 days was not significantly difference from shrimp fed with Control. The total hemocyte count (THC), different hemocyte count (DHC), phenoloxidase (PO) activity, respiratory bursts (RBs) and lysozyme activity of shrimp fed with CHP after 30 days were significantly higher than the other groups, and the parameters restored to basic value after 60 days of feeding. The RBs at 90 and 120 days, PO activity at 60 and 90 days of shrimp fed with HCS were significantly higher than shrimp fed with Control. The RBs at 60 and 120 days, PO activity at 30 and 60 days, and lysozyme activity at 60 days of shrimp fed with HCP were significantly higher than shrimp fed with Control. The Vibrio alginolyticus challenge test showed that clearance efficiency of all treatments after 30, 60 and 90 and 120 feeding were significantly higher than shrimp fed with Control. The phagocytosis activity of shrimp fed with HCP, HCS and CHP after 30, 60 and 90 days were significantly higher than shrimp fed with Control. There was no significant increase in haemolymph lactate and glucose concentrations of all treatments after 30, 60, 90 and 120 days feeding exposed to hypothermal stress (14 ℃). Haemolymph DA concentrations were significantly decreased at 30 days of shrimp fed with CHP and 60 days of shrimp fed with vDCP, HCP and HCS exposed to hypothermal stress. There was no significant increase in haemolymph NE concentration at 30, 60, 90, and 120 days of shrimp fed with vDCP, HCP, HCS, and CHP exposed to hypothermal stress. increased Haemolymph TA and OA concentrations were significantly increased at 30, 60 days of shrimp fed with CHP and 30 days of shrimp fed with HCP, HCS. The survival rate significantly increased for shrimp challenged with Vibrio alginolyticus, when they were fed with DCP, vDCP, HCP, HCS and CHP after 120 days of feeding. Although the survival rate of shrimp fed with HCP and HCS were lower than shrimp fed with CHP, the results indicated that the weight gain rate of shrimp fed with HCP and HCS was significantly higher than shrimp fed with CHP after 90 days, and had same effect of CHP on immunocompetent in long term. Considering the growth performance, immunocompetent enhancement, stressful physiological response, cost of different processes methods, and achievement of sustainable utilization, HCP product have the most potential to develop into shrimp health feed additive.

並列關鍵字

Litopenaeus vannamei ； Vibrio alginolyticus ； Immunity ； Cacao husk

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