傳統狩獵管理制度應用於現代森林資源管理探討—以高雄市桃源區布農族為例

如何減緩生物多樣性喪失為21世紀之重大議題，聯合國明確表示全球應共同維護原住民與在地社區的社會文化多樣性。換言之，原住民之文化多樣性為現今全球重視之議題。而本研究要探討臺灣原住民族如何透過傳統生態知識(TEK)的保存與應用，以確保野生動物自然資源之永續。過去臺灣常因管理區域劃分不夠明確、資源管理現況不明，而難以落實傳統知識與管理系統的應用。近年林務局開始啟動原住民族狩獵自主管理試辦計畫，但國家公園則付諸闕如。因此本研究選擇玉山國家公園南部園區內及鄰近之以布農族為主的桃源復興、拉芙蘭及梅山三里，透過深度訪談輔以自然觀察法及文獻整理法，經三角檢測以瞭解其仍保有的傳統慣習、狩獵文化、狩獵現況、獵場管理制度等，並提出可以應用於現代管理的建議。經2021年2月至2022年3月深度訪談36位受訪者、16個小氏族後，結果得知當地布農族主要以槍獵為主、獵場管理多以家族為單位、家族獵場兼具重疊之現象；獵場涵蓋55個林班地，其中位於國家公園境內高達22個。結果亦顯示受訪各家族均保有並遵守相關狩獵之禁忌與倫理，如禁打幼小動物及遵守家族獵場等，其中相關獵物種類、數量、大小以及獵捕上限，均為野生動物資源永續的重要概念。研究結果發現在地原住民族部落仍會進入國家公園狩獵，但因仍保有相關之傳統狩獵倫理，建議未來需積極面對在地狩獵需求，並將狩獵倫理融入現代管理制度中，以落實國際所倡議之以原住民及社區為主進行生物多樣性保育的資源管理模式。

關鍵字

傳统生態知識；傳統狩獵文化；國家公園；布農族；傳統倫理

並列摘要

How to slow down the loss of biodiversity is a major issue in the 21st century. The United Nations has clearly stated that the world should jointly safeguard the social and cultural diversity of indigenous peoples and local communities. In other words, the cultural diversity of Indigenous peoples is an issue of global importance today. This study explores how Taiwan's aborigines ensure the sustainability of wildlife natural resources through the preservation and application of traditional ecological knowledge (TEK). In the past, it was often difficult for Taiwan to implement the application of traditional knowledge and management systems due to the lack of clear division of management areas and the unclear status of resource management. In recent years, the Forest Service has started a pilot program for the autonomous management of indigenous hunting, but the national parks are nowhere to be found. Therefore, this study selects Taoyuan Fuxing, Lovelan and Meishan Sanli in and adjacent to the southern part of Yushan National Park, which are mainly Bunun people. Through in-depth interviews, supplemented by natural observation methods and document sorting methods, triangulation is conducted to understand that they still exist. The traditional habits, hunting culture, hunting status, hunting ground management system, etc., and put forward suggestions that can be applied to modern management. After in-depth interviews with 36 interviewees and 16 small clans from February 2021 to March 2022, it was found that the local Bunun mainly hunted with guns, the hunting grounds were mostly managed by families, and the family hunting grounds also overlapped. The phenomenon; the hunting ground covers 55 forest land, of which up to 22 are located in the national park. The results also showed that the interviewed families all kept and abide by the relevant hunting taboos and ethics, such as prohibiting hunting of young animals and observing family hunting grounds, among which the relevant prey species, quantity, size and hunting limit are all sustainable wildlife resources. important concept. The results of the study found that local indigenous tribes will still enter the national park for hunting, but because they still retain the relevant traditional hunting ethics, it is suggested that in the future, it is necessary to actively face the needs of local hunting, and integrate hunting ethics into the modern management system to implement international hunting. The proposed resource management model for biodiversity conservation based on indigenous peoples and communities.