如何減緩生物多樣性喪失為21世紀之重大議題，聯合國明確表示全球應共同維護原住民與在地社區的社會文化多樣性。換言之，原住民之文化多樣性為現今全球重視之議題。而本研究要探討臺灣原住民族如何透過傳統生態知識(TEK)的保存與應用，以確保野生動物自然資源之永續。過去臺灣常因管理區域劃分不夠明確、資源管理現況不明，而難以落實傳統知識與管理系統的應用。近年林務局開始啟動原住民族狩獵自主管理試辦計畫，但國家公園則付諸闕如。因此本研究選擇玉山國家公園南部園區內及鄰近之以布農族為主的桃源復興、拉芙蘭及梅山三里，透過深度訪談輔以自然觀察法及文獻整理法，經三角檢測以瞭解其仍保有的傳統慣習、狩獵文化、狩獵現況、獵場管理制度等，並提出可以應用於現代管理的建議。經2021年2月至2022年3月深度訪談36位受訪者、16個小氏族後，結果得知當地布農族主要以槍獵為主、獵場管理多以家族為單位、家族獵場兼具重疊之現象；獵場涵蓋55個林班地，其中位於國家公園境內高達22個。結果亦顯示受訪各家族均保有並遵守相關狩獵之禁忌與倫理，如禁打幼小動物及遵守家族獵場等，其中相關獵物種類、數量、大小以及獵捕上限，均為野生動物資源永續的重要概念。研究結果發現在地原住民族部落仍會進入國家公園狩獵，但因仍保有相關之傳統狩獵倫理，建議未來需積極面對在地狩獵需求，並將狩獵倫理融入現代管理制度中，以落實國際所倡議之以原住民及社區為主進行生物多樣性保育的資源管理模式。

How to slow down the loss of biodiversity is a major issue in the 21st century. The United Nations has clearly stated that the world should jointly safeguard the social and cultural diversity of indigenous peoples and local communities. In other words, the cultural diversity of Indigenous peoples is an issue of global importance today. This study explores how Taiwan's aborigines ensure the sustainability of wildlife natural resources through the preservation and application of traditional ecological knowledge (TEK). In the past, it was often difficult for Taiwan to implement the application of traditional knowledge and management systems due to the lack of clear division of management areas and the unclear status of resource management. In recent years, the Forest Service has started a pilot program for the autonomous management of indigenous hunting, but the national parks are nowhere to be found. Therefore, this study selects Taoyuan Fuxing, Lovelan and Meishan Sanli in and adjacent to the southern part of Yushan National Park, which are mainly Bunun people. Through in-depth interviews, supplemented by natural observation methods and document sorting methods, triangulation is conducted to understand that they still exist. The traditional habits, hunting culture, hunting status, hunting ground management system, etc., and put forward suggestions that can be applied to modern management. After in-depth interviews with 36 interviewees and 16 small clans from February 2021 to March 2022, it was found that the local Bunun mainly hunted with guns, the hunting grounds were mostly managed by families, and the family hunting grounds also overlapped. The phenomenon; the hunting ground covers 55 forest land, of which up to 22 are located in the national park. The results also showed that the interviewed families all kept and abide by the relevant hunting taboos and ethics, such as prohibiting hunting of young animals and observing family hunting grounds, among which the relevant prey species, quantity, size and hunting limit are all sustainable wildlife resources. important concept. The results of the study found that local indigenous tribes will still enter the national park for hunting, but because they still retain the relevant traditional hunting ethics, it is suggested that in the future, it is necessary to actively face the needs of local hunting, and integrate hunting ethics into the modern management system to implement international hunting. The proposed resource management model for biodiversity conservation based on indigenous peoples and communities.

王相華等. 2005. 蘭嶼雅美族之植物使用方式. 國家公園學報 10 (2): 228-248.
王穎. 2016. 高屏地區大型哺乳動物永續使用量估計暨原住民部落狩獵文化調查. 行政院農業委員會林務局屏東林區管理處研究報告，72 頁.
田哲益等. 2004. 南投縣信義鄉布農族人和部落田野史地調查研究. 南投縣信義鄉布農族人和社區發展協會，94頁.
吳旬枝. 2005. 原住民族參與國家公園生態旅遊發展過程中雙邊互動關係—同禮部落v.s.太魯閣國家公園. 東華大學觀光暨遊憩管理研究所碩士論文.
吳幸如. 2009. 臺灣東南部野豬危害防治,被獵捕與族群現況. 生物學報 44 (1): 31-51.
吳幸如. 2019. 行政院農業委員會林務局林業管理計畫108年度單一計畫說明書. 臺灣山區野豬危害農作調查與防治方法成效評估，57頁.
吳幸如等. 2018. 屏東縣來義鄉排灣族狩獵自主管理與獵獸資源監測培力輔導計畫期末成果報告書，227頁.
吳雯菁等. 2006. 建構社區保育、原住民狩獵與野生動物經營管理間的連結. 地理學報 46: 1-29.
李亦園. 1992. 人類學與現代社會. 水牛圖書出版公司，306頁.
官大偉. 2008. 民族自治、傳統領域與自然資源管理－以加拿大育空領地第一民族之共管機制為例. 台灣原住民族研究 1(2): 113-137.
官大偉. 2014. 原住民族土地權的挑戰: 從一個當代保留地交易的區域研究談起. 考古人類學刊80: 7-52.
官大偉. 2015. 原住民生態知識與當代災害管理以石門水庫上游集水區之泰雅族部落為例. 地理學報 76: 97-132.
林大利. 2016. 愛知生物多樣性目標與生物多樣性指標. 自然保育季刊 93: 4-13.
林金定、嚴嘉楓、陳美花. 2005. 質性研究方法：訪談模式與實施步驟分析. 身心障礙研究 3(2): 122-136.
林益仁、王信翰. 2014. 自然資源的治理─一個泰雅族的模式初探. 台灣原住民族研究學報4(4): 139-172.
林益仁. 2015. 原住民土地的生態治理─從泰雅族南山部落檜木盜砍事件談起. 台灣原住民族研究學報 5(1): 59-70.
姜博仁等. 2020. 2020年度新竹林區管理處狩獵自主管理輔導計畫. 期中報告，185頁.
施正鋒、吳珮瑛. 2008. 原住民族與自然資源的共管. 臺灣原住民族研究季刊 1 (1) : 1-38.
施正鋒、吳珮瑛. 2011. 澳洲原住民族的漁獲權. 臺灣原住民族研究學報1(2) : 131-165.
洪廣冀、何俊頤. 2018. 自然資源治理與原住民部落發展：後發展與後人類的視角. 考古人類學刊 89: 93-142.
孫稚堤、顏愛靜. 2012. 流域治理與土地倫理之研究-以石門水庫上游集水區的原住民族部落為例. 地理學報 66: 21-51.
浦忠勇. 2018. 原蘊山海間：台灣原住民族狩獵暨漁撈文化研究. 新北市：原住民族委員會，45-50頁.
海樹兒．犮剌拉菲. 2006. 布農族部落起源及部落遷移史. 臺北市：原住民族委員會，162-183頁.
張惠東. 2019. 地方創生與部落生態旅遊-法制面的觀察. 新社會政策64: 32-35.
梁秀芸. 1996. 太魯閣群的狩獵文化與現況-以花蓮縣秀林鄉為例. 國立東華大學自然資源管理研究所.
許麗齡. 2006. 質性研究－焦點團體訪談法之簡介與應用. 護理雜誌 53(2): 67-72.
陳彥伶. 2019. 生物多樣性公約架構下之原住民狩獵權益研究. 國立中正大學法律學系碩士論文， 151頁.
陳美惠、彭建豪. 2009. 丹大布農族狩獵文化調查研究. 原住民自然人文期刊，59-82頁.
陳澤裕. 1988. 臺灣狩獵文化與技術之調查研究. 行政院農業委員會，62頁.
程明修、張惠東. 2021. 自然資源治理之公私協力契約—以原住民族狩獵自主管理法制之建立為中心. 陳春生教授榮退論文集.
黃長興. 2000. 東賽德克群的狩獵文化. 民族學研究所資料彙編15: 1-104.
葉家寧. 2002. 布農族史篇. 南投縣：國史館台灣文獻館.109-118頁.
葉家寧. 2002. 臺灣原住民史布農族史篇. 國史館臺灣文獻館，267頁.
鄒月娥. 2001. 東賽德克人之狩獵文化與國家公園經營管理. 內政部營建署太魯閣國家公園管理處自行研究計畫報告，38頁.
靳樂山等. 2006. 中國自然保護區社區資源共管綜述. 共管─從衝突走向合作. 社會科學文獻出版社79-97.
裴家騏. 2001. 善用傳統知識共管資源把人找回來-在地參與自然資源管理. 內政部營建署太魯閣國家公園管理處 61-72頁.
裴家騏. 2004. 再造森林守護神-雙鬼湖野生動物管理芻議. 台灣林業 30(1): 26-33.
裴家騏. 2020. 108-109年度玉山國家公園轄區內及周邊地區原住民族歲時祭儀利用野生動物現況調查計畫案-期末報告. 玉山國家公園管理處，183頁.
蔡志偉，2008. 加拿大法制中的原住民族土地權格. 台灣原住民族研究 1(2): 29-54.
蔡志堅. 1996. 國家公園內原住民生態參與模式之建構-以玉山國家公園與東埔社布農族為例. 中興大學資源管理研究所碩士論文，141頁.
盧道杰. 2004. 台灣現地保育的治理-1990年以來一些新興個案的回顧. 臺大實驗林研究報告 18(1): 13-27.
盧道杰等. 2010. 自然保護區發展共管機制的挑戰與機會. 台灣原住民族研究季刊 3(2): 91-130.
顏愛靜、陳亭伊. 2011. 原住民傳統領域共同管理之研究以新竹縣尖石鄉泰雅族部落為例. 地理學報 61: 1-30.
顏愛靜. 2015. 土地倫理為本之永續農業和原住民社區發展：以新縣尖石鄉泰雅族部落為例. 都市與計劃 42(2): 209-233.
顏愛靜等. 2016. 有機農業多功能性之研究-以新竹縣尖石鄉石磊部落為例. 地理學報 82: 59-86.
Andrew Sayer. 1999. Realism and Social Science. 224pp.
Babbie, 2016 Characteristics, technology capabilities, and experiences of in-service teachers on the use of online/blended learning at a tertiary institution in Jamaica. The practice of social research. 6 (1): 1-22.
Becker, D., and E. Ostrom. 1995. Human ecology and resource sustainability: the importance of institutional diversity. Annual Reviews of Ecology and Systematics 26: 113-133.
Beckley, Beckley, T. M. 1998. Moving toward consensus-based forest management: A comparison of Industrial, co-managed, community and small private forests in Canada.”Forestry chronicle 74(5): 736-744.
Berkes, F. 2004. Rethinking community-based conservation. Conservation biology 18:621-630.
Berkes, F., and C. Folke. 1998. Linking social and ecological systems for resilience and sustainability. In linking social and ecological systems-management practices and social mechanisms for building resilience. Cambridge university, New York. 476pp.
Borrini-Feyerabend, G. and Tarnowski, C. B. 2005. Participatory democracy in natural resource management: A “Columbus’s Egg”. In: Brosius, J. P., Tsing, A. L. and Zerner, C. (eds.) Communities and Conservation: Histories and Politics of Community-Based Natural Resource Management, USA: ALTAMIRA, 69-90.
Borrini-Feyerabend. 2003. Governance of protected areas-innovative in the air. In: Borrini-Feyerabend, G. (ed.) Community Empowerment for Conservation, IUCN Commission on Environmental, Economic and Social Policy. Policy Matters 12: 92-101. Borrini-Feyerabend,
Borrini-Feyerabend. 2004. Governance of the conservation of nature. P.170-205. In: Worboys, G. L., M. Lockwood, and A. Kothari. Protected Area Governance and Management. ANU Press, Montreal.
Brad Coombes, 2007. Defending community Indigeneity, self-determination and institutional ambivalence in the restoration of Lake Whakaki. Geoforum. 38 (1): 60-72.
Brandon, K. E. and Wells, M. 1992. Planning for people and parks: design dilemmas, World Development, 20 (4): 557-570.
Brosius, J. P. 2004. Indigenous peoples and protected areas at the world parks congress, Conservation Biology, 18 (3): 609-612.
Brosius, J. P., A. L. Tsing, and C. Zerner. 1998. Representing communities: histories and politics of community-based natural resource management. Society and Natural Resources 11(2): 157-168.
Carlsson, L. and Berkes, F. 2005. Co-Management: Concepts and Methodological Implications. Journal of Environmental Management, 75, 65-76.
Chen, T. 1997. Integration of Wildlife Consservation with Local Community Development-Sanmin and Taoyuan in Taiwan as a case study. University of Montana, Missoula.
Cristiana Simao Seixas and Brian Davy. 2008. Self-organization in integrated conservation and development initiatives. International Journal of the Commons 2(1): 99-125.
Derek R Armitage. 2009. Adaptive co-management for social–ecological complexity 7(2): 95-102.
Edited ByKrishna B. Ghimire, Michael P. Pimbert. 2013. Social Change and Conservation.
Feeny, D., Berkes, F., McCay, B. J. and Acheson, J. M. 1990. The tragedy of the commons: Twenty-two years later, Human Ecology, 18 (1): 1-19.
Fikret Berkes. 1999. Levels of analysis in traditional ecological knowledge. 13pp.
Gomez-Pompa, A. and Kaus, A. 1992. Taming the wilderness myth, BioScience, 42 (4): 271-279.
Greene, J. C., V. J. Caracelli, and W. F. Graham. 1989. Toward a conceptual; framework for mixed-method evaluation designs. Educational Evaluation and Polocy Analysis 11:255-274.
Henning Borchers, Ruddy Gustave. 2022. Impediments to Community Participation and Empowerment in the Co-Management of Protected Areas: Komodo National Park.
Holdgate, M. and Phillips, A. 1999. Protected areas in context. In: Walkey, M., Swingland, I. R. and Russell, S. (eds.) Integrated Protected Area Management, UK: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1-24.
Mabee, H. S., and G. Hoberg. 2006. Equal Partners Assessing Comanagement of Forest Resources in Clayoquot Sound. Society and Natural Resources 19(10): 875-88.
Mardin, A., and M. Lemon. 2001. Challenges for Participatory Institutions: the Case of Village Forest Committees in Karnataka, South India. Society and Natural Resources 14(7): 585-597.
Maznevski, M. L. 1994. Understanding our differences: Performance in decision-making groups withdiverse members. Human Relations. 47(5): 531-552.
McNeely, J. A. 1994. Protected areas for the 21st century: Working to provide benefits to society, Biodiversity and Conservation, 3 (5): 390-405.
Natcher, D. C, Davis, S and Hickey, C. G. 2005. Co-Management: Managing Relationships, Not Resources. Human Organization 64(3): 240-250.
Pelled L.H. 1996. Demographic Diversity, Conflict, and Work Group Outcomes: An Intervening Process Theory Organization Science, 7 (6): 615-631.
Pimbert, M.P. and Pretty, J.N. 1997. Parks, people and professionals: Putting 'participation' into protected area management. In Social Change and Conservation. Environmental Politics and Impacts of National Parks and Protected Areas. 297-330. Earthscan, London.
Plummer and Fitzgibbon. 2004. Co-Management of Natural Resources: A Proposed Framework. Environmental Management 33(6): 876-85.
Soliku, O., and U. Schraml. 2020. From conflict to collaboration: the contribution of co-management in mitigating conflicts in Mole National Park, Ghana. Oryx 54:483-493.
Wiessner, S. 1999. Rights and status of indigenous peoples: A global comparative and international legal analysis. Harvard Human Rights Journal, 12: 57-128.