社會支持、運動涉入與幸福感關係之研究:以全國運動社團中高齡參與者為例

本研究目的在探討運動社團中高齡運動參與者，運動涉入影響幸福感之情形，及社會支持在運動涉入與幸福感之間的調節效果。以全國運動社團中高齡(含高齡)參與者為研究母群體進行抽樣，以結構式問卷來進行資料收集，採便利抽樣方法發放問卷，發放問卷400份，回收有效問卷360份，有效回收率為90%，回收資料透過SPSS 23.0 for Windows進行資料分析，主要以描述性統計、皮爾森積差相關及多元迴歸等統計方法進行分析。研究結果發現:1.運動涉入程度對幸福感具有顯著的預測能力。2.社會支持對幸福感的預測能力未達顯著水準，表示社會支持不一定直接影響幸福感。3. 比較高社會支持組與低社會支持組在運動涉入對幸福感的迴歸係數存在差異，發現運動涉入對於幸福感的影響路徑上具有顯著差異，表示社會支持在運動涉入與幸福感間的具有調節效果，亦表示在提高社會支持的情況下，如能提高運動涉入程度，將能大幅提高幸福感。依據研究結果提出二方面建議: (1)運動社團管理方面:管理者社團類型加強專業知能及健康老化知識。增加社員家人朋友可參與活動。提升對中高齡者健康促進活動規劃。(2)對政府政策的建議: 推動健全的中高齡者成功老化運動休閒相關教育。廣推各項中高齡者對運動休閒活動。落實社區適合中高齡者運動設施與服務。

關鍵字

社會支持；運動涉入；幸福感；中高齡

並列摘要

The purpose of this study has two folds: to explore the degree of sports involvement influencing well-beings for middle-aged and elderly participants in sports clubs and to investigate the effect of involving social support in sports involvement and well-beings. The research subjects were the middle-aged and elderly participants in the national sports clubs The middle-aged and elderly people in the national sports clubs were the research population. A total of 400 structured questionnaires containing 9 domains and 37 questions were distributed and of 360 questionnaires were returned with a 90% of return rate. All data were analyzed by SPSS 23.0, including descriptive statistics, Pearson product-moment correlation, and multiple regression. The results suggest that 1. the degree of sports involvement has a significant predictive ability on well-beings; 2. the predictive ability of social support to well-beings does not reach a significant level, indicating that social support does not necessarily directly affect well-beings; 3. there is significant difference in the regression coefficient of sports involvement on well-beings comparing the high social support and the low social support groups, indicating there is significant difference in the impact path of sports involvement on well-beings; it also indicates that social support has a significant impact on well-beings and sports involvement. In short, there is a moderating effect between the two, and it also indicates that in the case of improving social support if the degree of sports involvement can be increased, the sense of well-beings will be greatly improved. Based on the research findings provide two major managerial implications: (1) On Sport society management: Reinforce managers’ expertise on leisure sport and healthy aging knowledges. Activity planning increases the opportunity for family and friends to participate. Increae health promote activity for middle age and elderly. (2) On Government policy: Implement middle age and elderly successful-aging education programs. Promote middle age and elderly leisure and sport activities. Equipped communities with suitable sport facilities for middle age and elderly