飼糧中添加礦物質對臺灣圈養鹿隻掉毛症之緩解

圈養鹿隻營養攝取量取決於飼主之餵飼，長期不平衡餵飼可能造成部分營養分缺乏，且亦可能導致掉毛症的發生。本研究旨在探討以粒狀之礦物質補充料與精料添加在臺灣圈養鹿隻之日糧中對其掉毛症之緩解。本試驗分別於茸鹿場、種鹿場與休閒鹿場進行，調查場內之餵飼情形並測定其飼糧中粗蛋白質與礦物質含量，並依據每日採食量換算其每日單位體重之攝取量，並比較其餵飼前後之差異。茸鹿場與種鹿場之對照組依照場內原先管理方式餵飼，其中茸鹿場採取任飼，而種鹿場因成本考量則採取限飼；兩場之處理組則額外給予餵飼量10％之礦物質補充料；休閒鹿場之處理則以礦物質精料取代場內原先餵飼之商用精料。茸鹿場與種鹿場於試驗結束時採血及採毛，休閒鹿場僅採毛，並測定樣品之礦物質含量。試驗結果顯示，茸鹿場處理組僅銅採食量顯著高於對照組（P＜0.05），而處理組之血清礦物質鎂濃度顯著高於對照組（P＜0.05），毛礦物質含量於兩組間並無顯著差異。種鹿場公鹿之採食量皆無顯著差異，母鹿處理組之乾物質採食量、灰分攝取量、銅與鋅攝取量顯著高於對照組（P＜0.05）。公鹿處理組之血清礦物質濃度中，僅鎂顯著高於對照組（P＜0.05）；母鹿之血清礦物質濃度則皆無顯著差異。公鹿毛之礦物質於兩組間並無顯著差異，母鹿毛中銅與硒含量以對照組顯著高於處理組（P＜0.05）。分析茸鹿場與種鹿場鹿隻之礦物質攝取量、血清與毛礦物質之相關性表現，攝取量與多種血清礦物質具顯著積差與等級相關（P＜0.05）；攝取量與毛礦物質則大都無顯著相關性；而血清與毛髮礦物質於鈣、鎂、鈉、鐵具有顯著等級相關（P＜0.05）。休閒鹿場之試驗精料較商用精料補充較多之礦物質元素，其試驗後毛之鈣、鐵、銅、錳與硒含量顯著高於試驗前（P＜0.05）。綜觀本試驗結果，致僅少數礦物質攝取量有差異，難以改變體內的累積量。依相關性結果，毛髮礦物質的數值可供作調整餵食策略之參考。

關鍵字

臺灣水鹿；臺灣梅花鹿；毛；礦物質補充

並列摘要

The nutritional intake of captive deer depends on the feeding of the owner. Long-term unbalanced feeding may cause some nutritional deficiencies, which may also lead to the occurrence of hair loss. The purpose of this study was to investigate the alleviation of hair loss in Taiwanese captive deer diets supplemented with granular mineral supplements and concentrates. This experiment was carried out in antler deer farm, breeding deer farm, and leisure deer farms respectively. Investigate the feeding situation in the farm and analyze the crude protein and mineral content in the diet and calculate the daily nutrients intake per kilogram of body weight, and the differences before and after feeding were compared. The control group of the antler deer farm and the breeding deer farm were fed according to the original management method on the farm. Antler deer farm were fed ad libitum. Breeding deer farm were given restricted feeding due to cost considerations. The treatment group was additionally given 10% of the feeding amount of mineral supplements. For the treatment of leisure deer farm, mineral concentrates were used to replace the commercial concentrates originally fed on the farms. At the end of the experiment, the antler deer farms and deer breeding farms collected blood and hair, while the leisure deer farms only collected hair, and the mineral content of the samples was determined. The results showed that only copper intake of the treatment group of the antler deer farm was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05), while the serum mineral concentration of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in hair mineral content between the two groups. There was no significant difference in the feeding data of male deer on the breeding deer farm. The dry matter intake, ash intake, copper and zinc intake of the treatment group of female deer were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). Among the serum mineral concentrations of male deer, only magnesium was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in serum mineral concentrations of female deer. There was no significant difference in the minerals of male deer hair between the two groups. The content of copper and selenium in female deer hair in the control group was significantly higher than that in the treatment group (P<0.05). The correlation performance of mineral intake, serum and hair minerals of deer in antler deer farm and breeding deer farm was analyzed. The minerals intake and various serum minerals had a significant product-moment and rank correlation (P<0.05). There was no significant correlation between the intake and hair minerals. Calcium, magnesium, sodium and iron had significant rank correlations (P<0.05). The experimental concentrates in the leisure deer farms supplemented more mineral elements than the commercial concentrates, and the content of calcium, iron, copper, manganese, and selenium in the hair after the experiment was significantly higher than that before the experiment (P<0.05). From the results of this experiment, it is speculated that the mineral interaction and the individual differences of deer may cause only a few mineral elements differs, which is difficult to change the absorption and accumulation in the body. Data on hair minerals based on correlation results can be used as a reference for adjusting feeding strategies.