應用農林廢棄物與生物可降解塑膠製備複合薄膜之性能

Performances of Composite Films Prepared from Agricultural and Forestry Wastes/Biodegradable Plastics

何瑀虔(Ho Yu-Chien)

指導教授 ： 林曉洪

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/木材科學與設計系所/碩士(2023年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST202300054

摘要

永續發展、循環經濟一直為國內外經年不衰之議題，隨著對不可再生能源枯竭和全球氣溫上升的日益關注，生物質廢棄物（Biomass waste）作為可再生的資源被科學界廣泛重視。在此背景下，本研究之目的係利用三種農林廢棄物（疏伐柳杉枝梢材、稻殼、茶葉渣）與聚丁二酸丁二醇酯（Polybutylene succinate, PBS）及聚對苯二甲酸-己二酸丁二醇酯（Polybutylene adipate terephthalate, PBAT）進行混練與造粒，製備厚度0.02 mm之生物可分解複合薄膜。並測定複合薄膜之各項性能（表面性狀、機械、生物可降解性），探討不同生物材料質量添加比對其各項性能之影響。三種農林廢棄物製備複合薄膜質量介於2.13～3.28 g間、平均膜厚介於0.21～0.24 mm間。機械性質方面，縱向拉伸強度以添加茶葉渣最高，橫向拉伸強度則為添加柳杉者強度最高，且與對照組B00（21.81 MPa）相較之，茶葉渣T15（47.70 MPa）拉伸強度提升119%；不同生物質質量添加比之拉伸強度以15wt%者最高，斷裂伸長率則以添加10 wt%者最高。阻隔性方面，三種材料中水蒸氣透過率由高至低分別為茶葉渣>柳杉>稻殼。經120 hr之耐候試驗後，混合三種生物材料製備之複合薄膜仍保有與對照組相近之拉伸強度。經12週之堆肥掩埋後，15 wt%之稻殼複合薄膜崩解度高達67.18%，與B00相差近12倍。經評估後顯示，不同生物材料與不同添加比在複合薄膜之各項性質中互有優劣。期望本研究成果可提供國內未來製備生物可降解複合薄膜及應用之參考。

關鍵字

農林廢棄物 ； 生物可降解塑膠 ； 生物可降解性 ； 複合薄膜 ； 耐候試驗

並列摘要

Sustainable development and the circular economy have been perennial issues both at home and abroad. With growing concern over the depletion of non-renewable energy sources and rising global temperatures, biomass waste is widely valued as a renewable resource. In this study, three biomass residues (Cryptomeria japonica, rice husk, and tea leaf) were blended and pelletized with PBS and PBAT to produce a biomass composite film of 0.02 mm thickness. The properties (surface properties, mechanical, biodegradability) of the composite films were studied and tested to investigate the effects of different addition ratios on their properties. The composite films of three agricultural and forestry wastes at different addition ratios with masses ranging from 2.13 to 3.28 g and average film thicknesses ranging from 0.21 to 0.24 mm. The tensile strength of T15 (47.70 MPa) was 119% higher than that of B00 (21.81 MPa). The highest tensile strength was achieved at 15 wt% and the highest elongation at break was achieved at 10 wt%. In terms of water vapor permeability, the three materials were, in descending order, tea leaf > Cryptomeria japonica > rice husk. Then, after the 120 hr weathering test, the tensile strength of the composite films made from the three biomaterials remained similar to that of the original films. The evaluation showed that different biomaterials and addition ratios have different advantages and disadvantages in the various properties of the composite films. It is hoped that the results of this study can provide a reference for the preparation and application of biodegradable composite films in Taiwan in the future.

並列關鍵字

Agricultural and forestry waste ； Biodegradable plastics ； Biodegradability ； Composite films ； Weathering test

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