共居住宅模式語言建構之初探－以中年女性觀點為例

家，是我們長時間停留的重要地方，其舒適療癒的環境也伴隨著面對生命歷程的變動。近年來，台灣女性高齡人口比例逐年增加，女性健康、安全與社會支持網絡等問題逐漸被重視。共居住宅是一提供安全庇護亦是互助成長的環境，其是否能提供中年女性的居住空間與身心靈等需求上的對應，值得進一步深入探討。因此，本研究以45-59歲内的中年女性為研究對象，試圖探討合適中年女性的共居住宅之模式語言。研究目的為：（一）釐清建築模式語言理論、女性需求與療癒環境等文獻回顧以形成參考依據；（二）彙整與分析國內中年女性共居需求與意願；（三）運用模式語言理論建構一套可依循的「共居住宅空間準則」。本研究透過問卷調查法與個案訪談以判斷可支撐模式語言建構之資料蒐集。問卷調查法以「使用者對未來共居之意願」為調查之重點，分為居住環境、住宅空間、經營模式三種面向的看法；個案訪談以「共居住宅空間之偏好」為訪問的主架構，了解女性在住宅中之空間經驗與生命歷程。研究發現中年女性偏好共居之建築型態為大樓、透天、平房，而共享空間的安排會隨著成員間的組成、空間行為與使用者經驗有所改變。本研究依據Christopher Alexander《建築模式語言》架構，發展出與中年女性住宅相關之模式共80個，增補模式為12個，區分為四大類，以「空間行為」、「空間場所」、「空間區隔」、「空間型態」進行分類，最後彙整出大樓、透天、平房三種共居空間之參考準則。本研究期望模式語言作為一有效的溝通工具，可幫助中年女性建立獨立互助的網絡，並在公共空間中共享資源的同時，也保有私人空間帶給我們的自主性。

關鍵字

中年女性；共居住宅；模式語言

並列摘要

A home is an important place for us to stay for a long time. Its comfortable and healing environments accompanied us during the changes of our life course In recent years, the proportion of women in the elderly population in Taiwan has been increasing year by year, and issues such as women’s health, safety, and social support networks have gradually been paid attention to. A co-living house is an environment that provides safe shelter and mutual growth. However, whether it could address middle-aged women’s physical, mental, and spiritual needs is worthy of further discussion. Therefore, this study, focuses on middle-aged women aged 45-59, trying to explore the suitability of pattern language of co-living houses for our research target. The purpose of this study is to: (1) form a reference basis by clarifying the literature review of construction pattern language theory, women’s needs, and healing environments ; (2) summarize and analyze the domestic middle-aged women's cohabitation needs and willingness; (3) use the pattern language theory to develop a guideline for Co-living Residential Spaces that can be followed. This study uses questionnaire surveys and case interviews to determine the data collection that can support the construction of the pattern language.The aim of this questionnaire survey method is to investigate users' willingness to live together in the future. It is divided into three aspects: living environments, residential spaces, and business model. The case interview takes "Preferences for Co-living House Space" as the main structure to understand the spatial experience and life course of women in the house. The study has found that middle-aged women prefer to live together in buildings, town houses, bungalows. The arrangement of shared spaces will vary based on the composition of the members, spatial behavior, and user experience. According to the framework of Christopher Alexander's "Architectural Model Language", this study has developed a total of 80 patterns related to middle-aged women’s co-living house and twelve additional patterns.These patterns are classified into four categories :"Spatial Behavior", "Spatial Place", and "Spatial Segregation" and "Spatial Pattern". Finally, the reference guidelines for buildings, town houses, and bungalows is summarized. This study expects that pattern language can be used as an effective communication tool to help middle-aged women establish a mutual support network. While they enjoy the sharing resources in public spaces, they can also maintain their autonomy in private spaces.