閱覽空間環境語言對於行為模式之影響研究-以高雄市立圖書館總館為例

近年來，各個地方政府為了改善閱覽空間進行了許多圖書館空間的改造，陸續興建了幾棟大型的圖書空間，像高雄市立圖書館總館即是一例。圖書館服務對象涵蓋了各年齡層，然而針對不同的使用者，空間設計上是否有其特殊、慣用的空間語彙及用色呢？不同的使用者，在類似的空間形式中，是否會有不同的行為發生呢？如何將這些與會傳達出的無形語言進行脈絡性的整理，作為日後設計的參考，即為本研究的動機。但由於目前國內外針對圖書館的研究大多針對單一空間之環境行為、空間色彩進行探討，尚缺乏對以使用者為主體，探究閱覽空間設計語彙應用對於氣氛塑造與行為模式影響的研究。因此本研究以高雄市立圖書館總館閱覽空間為研究對象，首先應用亞歷山大（1977/1994）建築模式語言一書中建構的253個設計語彙為基礎，進行各閱覽空間設計語彙類型化的分析；其次透過環境行為的觀察，檢視各空間模式類型對使用者環境行為的影響及相關影響因素。本研究目的：（一）檢視高雄市立圖書館總館閱覽空間規劃現況及空間模式語言對應情形；（二）分析使用者在閱覽空間中的行為活動；（三）探討不同閱覽空間使用者的活動領域及特質。透過研究發現，高雄市立圖書館有兒童閱覽區、高齡者閱覽區、視障者閱覽區、一般閱覽區、餐飲閱覽區、視聽閱覽區及戶外閱覽區，其中國際繪本中心提供給兒童使用，空間性質較為活潑自由，以模式語言中僻靜區、袋行活動場地、座位圈、室內空間形狀、暖色、相互溝通的遊戲場所、能做的台階、地面面層及各式座椅組合而成，多集中在下凹式地墊區，已躺、臥、趴等姿勢鬆散分佈，再者也多環繞在以150公分高圍塑出的袋形空間中；高齡者閱覽區以大人及老人為主，以模式組合中近宅綠地、在公共場所打盹、過濾光線及各式座椅打造出自然休閒的空間，多數大人及老人喜歡坐在個人沙發椅看書報、玩手機，享受戶外陽光；資訊閱覽區以模式語言中中心公用區、有舞台感的階梯及室內空間形狀打造，使用者多為青年，以個人座位為主；而私密性高的單人靠窗閱覽區以僻靜區、外部空間層次、室內陽光、兩面採光、鄰接窗戶呈現出隱密嚴肅的空間，多數為單人讀者；最後戶外閱覽區，以近宅綠地、戶外亭榭、戶外正空間、外部空間層次、有生氣的庭園及空間中有景物打造出一個自然放鬆的空間，空間使用者較廣泛，多數人會環繞在景物周遭閱讀、發呆及聊天。研究建議針對不同使用者提供不同的情境空間，老人需要位於靠近陽光的場所及個人座位區，呈現自然且自由的空間場域；大人需具有休閒性質的空間及有綠意的場所，呈現自然與自由的空間場域；青年要有個人空間及休閒性質的區域，呈現自由與隱密的空間場域；少年需要有自由的空間及半獨立區域，呈現活潑、自由且隱密的空間場域；兒童使用者空間設計需要有自由的空間及遊戲場所，呈現活潑且自由的空間場域。

關鍵字

圖書館；閱覽空間；建築模式語言；環境語言；環境行為

並列摘要

In recent years, various local governments have carried out many renovations of library space in order to improve the reading space, and several large library spaces have been built one after another, such as the Kaohsiung Main Public Library. The library service targets all age groups. However, for different users, does the space design have its special and customary spatial vocabulary and color? Different users, in a similar spatial form, will there be different behaviors? How to organize the intangible language conveyed by these conferences as a reference for future design is the motivation of this research. However, at present, most of the researches on libraries in China and abroad focus on the environmental behavior and spatial color of a single space. There is still a lack of research on the influence of the design of the vocabulary of the reading space on the atmosphere shaping and behavior patterns. Therefore, this study takes the reading space of the Kaohsiung Main Public Library as the research object. Firstly, based on the 253 design vocabularies constructed in the book of the Pattern language of Christopher Alexander (1977/1994), the type analysis of the vocabulary of each reading space design is carried out; Secondly, through the observation of behavior setting, the impact of each spatial pattern type on the user's environmental behavior and related influencing factors are examined. The purpose of this study is : (1) examine the current situation of spatial planning and spatial pattern language of the Kaohsiung Main Public Library; (2) analyze the behavior of users in the reading space; (3) explore the activities of users in different reading spaces. Field and traits. Through the study, the Kaohsiung City Library has a children's reading area, an elderly reading area, a visually impaired reading area, a general reading area, a dining reading area, an audio-visual reading area and an outdoor reading area. The international picture book center provides children with space. The nature is more lively and free. It is composed of a secluded area in the pattern language, a bag activity venue, a seat circle, an indoor space shape, a warm color, a game place that communicates with each other, a step that can be made, a floor surface layer and various types of seats. Concentrated in the recessed floor mat area, lying, lying, squatting and other postures are loosely distributed, and more often surrounded by a pocket-shaped space molded by 150 cm high; the elderly reading area is dominated by adults and the elderly, In the combination of mode, the green space in the house, the snoring in public places, the filtering of light and various seats create a natural leisure space. Most adults and old people like to sit in a personal sofa to read newspapers, play mobile phones, enjoy outdoor sunshine; information reading area Built in the central common area of the pattern language, the staged stage and the shape of the interior space, the users are mostly young, with personal seating as the main; privacy The single window reading area uses a secluded area, an external space level, indoor sunlight, two sides of the light, and adjacent windows to present a secret and serious space, most of which are single readers; the last outdoor reading area, near the green space, outdoor pavilions, Outdoor positive space, external space level, lively garden and space have a natural and relaxing space. The space users are more extensive, and most people will read, daze and chat around the scene. The research suggests different situational spaces for different users. The elderly need to be located in a place close to the sun and a personal seating area, presenting a natural and free space field; adults need to have a leisure space and a green place. Space field of nature and freedom; youth must have a space of personal space and leisure, presenting free and secret space fields; juveniles need free space and semi-independent areas, presenting a lively, free and secret space field Domain; children's user space design requires free space and gaming venues, presenting a lively and free space field.