探討交通行動服務之福利衡量與策略評估

近年來隨著資訊科技與共享運具不斷地推陳出新，對於交通行動服務(Mobility as a Service, MaaS)研究議題日益漸增，而福利衡量是多數交通運輸評估過程的核心規劃，本研究主要目的為探討交通行動服務之福利，並透過地區別與族群進行調查，以分析地區別與族群之使用者效益與供給者意願，並藉由雙重差分法進行政策模擬前後與地區別及族群別之比較。本研究以台北與台中為研究地區，對象分成一般族群與學生族群，以探討不同地區之族群在套票方案選擇之差異性，採用多項與混合羅吉特模式進行模式建構，使用傳統的二分之一法則及Logsum研究方法進行使用者效益計算，並提出一個新的計算方式–願付價格，用來計算使用者效益與供給者意願之總效益，並根據政策模擬之總效益最大化方案，提出最佳組合策略。研究結果顯示–在一般族群中，台北地區重視公車免費次數、捷運免費次數及共享單車的運具屬性；台中地區重視公車免費次數、捷運免費次數、共享單車及共享機車時數的運具屬性。在學生族群中，台北地區偏好共享機車時數及共享汽車；台中地區重視公車免費次數、捷運免費次數及共享汽車。在願付價格分析中，一般族群對於搭配捷運(類捷運)的組合運具，台北地區始以共享單車免費天數，而台中則為公車免費次數；但學生族群則都以公車免費次數搭配共享單車次數為主。台中一般族群價格降低10%，最佳組合運具數為類捷運次數減少12次，公車次數減少4次。

關鍵字

交通行動服務；多項羅吉特模式；混合羅吉特模式； Logsum ；願付價格；雙重差分法

並列摘要

In recent years, with the continuous innovation of information technology and shared transportation, research topics on Mobility as a Service (MaaS) have been increasing, welfare measurement lies at the heart of most appraisal processes in transport planning. This study aimed to explore the welfare of Mobility as a Service. In order to analyze the user benefit and supplier willingness of different ethnic groups and different ethnic groups, a comparative study was conducted by using the differences in differences. In this study, Taipei and Taichung were selected as the research areas, and the objects were divided into the general population and the student population, in order to explore the differences in the choice of package ticket scheme among the ethnic groups in different regions. The logit model was used to construct the model, and the traditional rule of a half and Logsum method were used to calculate the user benefit. A new calculation method, willing to pay price, is proposed to calculate the total benefit of user benefit and supplier willingness, and the optimal combination strategy is proposed according to the maximization of total benefit of policy simulation. The results show that in the general population, Taipei attaches importance to the free bus times, the free MRT times and the vehicle attributes of shared bikes. Taichung attaches great importance to the attributes of free bus times, free MRT times, shared bike and shared locomotive hours. Among the student groups, the Taipei area prefers to share locomotive hours and shared car. Taichung attaches great importance to free bus times, free MRT times and shared cars. In the analysis of willing to pay, for the combination of vehicles with MRT (quasi-MRT), the number of free days of shared bikes in Taipei and the number of free buses in Taichung was the first. However, the student group is dominated by free bus times and shared bike times. While the package price of Taichung MaaS for general group is reduced by 10%, the optimal strategy of mode strategy combination is a reduction of 12 times of free MRT ride and 4 times of free bus ride.