以計畫行為理論探討創業熱情與創業管理知能對青年創業意圖之影響–兼論機會辨識的干擾效果

Exploring the Effects of Entrepreneurial Passion and Entrepreneurial Management Skills on Youth Entrepreneurial Intention based on the Theory of Planned Behavior–The Moderating Role of Opportunity Recognition

蔡丞翔(CHENG-HSIANG TSAI)

指導教授 ： 李國瑋

共同指導教授 ： 黃彥智(Yen-Chih Huang)

國立臺中科技大學/商學院/企業管理系碩士班/碩士(2020年)

摘要

青年創業為國家經濟成長的重要動力，政府多年來持續推動創業相關政策與整合各界資源，使得青年能夠更好地去實踐夢想，來創造更多經濟價值；但儘管政府與學界在創業場域環境以及教育上皆投入眾多資源，單靠友善的創業環境與豐富的創業資源並無法與個人的成功創業劃上等號。
本研究以計畫行為理論為理論基礎探究影響創業意圖之相關因素，同時探討探討創業意圖的前因變數，也就是創業熱情、態度、主觀規範和知覺行為控制，並且探討創業熱情的中介效果。另外，本研究亦驗證創業機會辨識對態度、主觀規範和知覺行為控制對創業熱情的影響是否具有干擾效果。最後本研究提出一個新創構面–創業管理知能，探討其對知覺行為控制之影響，並且驗證創業管理知能是否調節創業熱情在創業意圖的影響效果。
本研究以18-40歲之青年為對象，進行問卷調查。之後使用SmartPLS進行資料分析，藉以驗證本研究之模式。研究結果發現，知覺行為控制對於創業熱情有正向顯著影響；創業熱情在知覺行為控制與創業意圖間有中介效果；創業機會辨識對知覺行為控制與創業熱情具負向干擾效果；創業熱情對於創業意圖有正向顯著影響；創業管理知能對於知覺行為控制有正向顯著影響；創業管理知能對創業熱情影響創業意圖具正向干擾效果。

關鍵字

計畫行為理論 ； 創業熱情 ； 創業機會辨識 ； 創業意圖 ； 創業管理知能

並列摘要

Youth entrepreneurship is an important driving force for our country’s economic growth. The government continues to initiate related entrepreneurship policies and integrates resources from different areas, enabling the youth to realize their dreams and create economic value. Although the government and the academia have invested a lot of resources in the entrepreneurial environment and education, a friendly entrepreneurial environment and rich entrepreneurial resources cannot guarantee individuals’ successful entrepreneurship.
Based on the theory of planned behavior, this study explores the potential factors that affect entrepreneurial intention. Specifically, as an antecedent of entrepreneurial intention, entrepreneurial passion mediates the relationships between entrepreneurial intention and three cognitive variables, namely attitude toward, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control. In addition, this study examines whether entrepreneurial opportunity recognition moderates the relationships between entrepreneurial passion and these three cognitive variables.
Finally, this study proposes a new construct, namely entrepreneurial management skills, to explore its effect on perceived behavioral control. Furthermore, this paper examines whether entrepreneurial management skills can moderate the relationship between entrepreneurial passion and entrepreneurial intention.
The sample of this study are 400 individuals whose ages range from 18 to 40 years. The data collected were analyzed by SmartPLS to test the proposed model. The results are summarized as follow: (1) Perceived behavioral control has a significantly positive effect on entrepreneurial passion; (2) Entrepreneurial passion mediates the influence of perceived behavioral control on entrepreneurial intention; (3) Entrepreneurial opportunity recognition has a significantly negative effect on the relationship between perceived behavioral control and entrepreneurial passion; (4) Entrepreneurial passion has a significantly positive effect on entrepreneurial intention; (5) Entrepreneurial management skills can significantly affect perceived behavioral control; and (6) Entrepreneurial management skills can significantly and positively moderate the relationship between entrepreneurial passion and entrepreneurial intention.

並列關鍵字

The Theory of Planned Behavior ； Entrepreneurial Passion ； Entrepreneurial Opportunity Recognition ； Entrepreneurial Intention ； Entrepreneurial Management Skills

參考文獻

中文部分：

謝如梅、劉常勇. (2009). 創新機會辨識：創業警覺能力、先前知識與資訊獲取之關聯性研究. 組織與管理, 2(2), 77-108.

英文部分：

Ahl, H. (2006). Why Research on Women Entrepreneurs Needs New Directions. 30(5), 595-621.

Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to action: A theory of planned behaviour. In Kuhl, J., & Beckmann, J. (Eds.), Action-control: From cognition to behaviour. (pp.11-39). Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.