導入低碳運具對遊憩地區減碳效益之研究

The Implementation of Low Carbon Mode for Carbon-Reduction Benefits in a Recreational Area

何亦羚(Yi-Ling Ho)

指導教授 ： 顏憶茹

國立臺中科技大學/資訊與流通學院/流通管理系碩士班/碩士(2014年)

摘要

隨著我國實施周休二日制，國人旅遊次數逐漸增加，進而加重風景遊憩地區碳排放量的負荷。在臺灣主要風景區內，以日月潭風景區碳足跡面積比為最高，促使相關單位於日月潭環湖地區積極推動電動公車與電動汽車等低碳運具。
為改善當地碳排放量之情形並增加低碳運具的使用人數，需瞭解旅客對於環湖運具之偏好與影響旅客選擇運具之重要因素，因此本研究引用交通部運研所民國102年問卷資料，採用巢式羅吉特模式與誤差成分羅吉特模式，針對不同情境建構日月潭環湖運具選擇行為模式。模式估計結果顯示：成本、車外時間，以及車內時間皆為影響旅客環湖運具偏好的重要因素，其中又以成本影響最鉅。
本研究以估計結果較佳之誤差成分羅吉特模式進行政策模擬，針對單一運具提出五個政策、多項運具組合提出四個政策，藉此估算一日中各政策之運具移轉比例與減碳效益，以作為後續低碳運具推廣方案之參考。研究結果顯示：汽機車兩者競爭程度高，僅抑制小客車之政策，促使機車使用人數大幅增加，因而造成減碳效果不佳；政策九(電動公車票價降低、電動汽車租借據點為三處、配合汽機車收費的組合)減碳效果最佳，總碳排放量可減少7.69%，其電動公車與電動汽車使用人數增加比例為最高。

關鍵字

日月潭風景區 ； 低碳運具 ； 巢式羅吉特 ； 誤差成分羅吉特 ； 減碳效益

並列摘要

Along with the implementation of two days off per week, people have raised their travel frequency, which leads to a significant increase of carbon emission in the recreational areas. In Taiwan’s recreational areas, Sun Moon Lake has the highest carbon footprint area ratio. Thus, the related units have actively promoted low carbon mode, including electric buses and electric automobiles, in the lake tour area.
To improve carbon reduction and increase usage of low carbon mode, it is essential to understand travelers’ preference of lake tour mode and the factors affecting travelers’ preference. This study used nested logit model and error components logit model to analyze the data originally collected in 2013 by the Institute of Transportation, MOTC from questionnaire. Under different contexts, the tour mode choice model of Sun Moon Lake was constructed. The model estimation indicated that cost, in-vehicle travel time and out-of-vehicle travel time were important factors affecting travelers’ preference of lake tour mode. Of these three factors, cost had the greatest impact.
This study further used the best estimation model, the error components logit model, to conduct policy simulation. For single mode, five policies were proposed; for modes combination, four policies. This study then estimated mode migration ratio and carbon reduction benefits in one day for all policies. The results showed that automobiles and motorcycles were alternative vehicles, and thus the policy of inhibiting automobiles would only significantly increase the usage of motorcycles, without any effect on carbon reduction. The ninth policy (electric buses with low fare, electric automobiles with three lease places, and parking fare of automobile and motorcycle) had the best carbon reduction outcome, able to reduce 7.69% carbon emissions. Furthermore, users of electric buses and electric automobiles increased the most under the ninth policy.

並列關鍵字

Sun moon lake ； Low carbon mode ； Nested multinomial logit ； Error components logit ； Carbon reduction benefits

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