以符號學理論分析電影場景中之空間性
以Xavier Dolan導演作品為例

電影場景設計是經由燈光、道具及色彩的安排，營造一個特定的環境氛圍，導演透過物理性空間感的表徵，朔造整個具有連貫敘事性的時空架構；以此，觀者經由解讀符碼的過程，釐清角色、故事場域與情境事件間的關聯性，並理解戲劇的背後意涵。導演以概念和元素的量化，賦予完整的敘事電影。本研究以Xavier Dolan導演處女作「I killed my mother」中的敘事手法，探討電影中的故事結構、空間性與符碼等元素，分析角色與場景間的關係，從場景的形移物換理解角色心理狀態的關聯性。解讀具有象徵性符碼的時空物件和導演觀點的內在活動。Dolan在鏡頭表達上，經過生活的觀察與詩意氛圍的情境營造，使得影像空間的多元概念，得以透過運鏡、構圖至空間的變動、人物的心境轉換而有具體的展現，在導演的帶領下，觀眾得以進入他的成長經驗，並透過電影的敘事過程感受青年時期的內心世界。本研究方法分為二部份，第一部份為文獻回顧，以敘事學、符號學及空間理論三大重點，比較電影中的故事架構、物理性元素與符碼間的連結性、邏輯性與價值；第二部份則是以「文化符碼解讀三層說」分析電影中的策略層、意義層、技術層間的相互作用，擷取出場景空間中具象徵意義的指示物及事件，透過文獻回顧、比較、解析與分類等步驟，作為此研究之應證方法。以「文化符碼解讀三層說」方法剖析Dolan電影的敘事結構：故事情節的概念表達，不僅限於電影畫面本身，而是透過鏡頭語言的詮釋、燈光的安排與空間的調度等，使導演所要傳達的概念得以在具象形體的塑造後，成為觀眾解讀電影訊息符碼的方法，並經由拆解符號的過程推導出完整的故事架構。電影空間中具象徵性的明示義及隱含義，經由具象元素的實體化與量化的表現手法，予讓概念經由表徵的塑造，而使符碼超越文字所能表達的內容，從而使角色與空間產生故事性，再藉著經驗、感知與資訊解讀的步驟，釐清電影所透露訊息及寓意。電影場景中的空間性與角色情緒間的關聯，經由符號學分析與敘事性設計方法分析模式輔助，營造出符合角色心理狀態的情緒氛圍與能夠呼應角色的心境的時空場景，是作為電影敘事空間更有說服力與內涵的操作手法。

關鍵字

札維耶多藍；敘事空間；電影場景；符號學

並列摘要

This research focus on a movie “I killed my mother” made by movie director Xavier Dolan which involves the discussion of creating scene element, e.g movie story line, space, symbol. The director creates a representative space situation from teenager point of view and make connection between iconic symbol and story expression as well as explore role psychological condition and scenery. Dolan’s movie is full of lively camera shot and poetic atmosphere and how he communicates an new era and concept of multifaceted when he was 19 years old. The way of the study is literature review which contains the theory of narratology, semiotics and space as the principle of the study and the viewpoint with the application of design culture of three layer code which are layer of strategy, layer of meaning and layer of technology respectively as well as extract and classify the most typical scenery, and then to elaborate space in movie. This thesis discovers to materialize story scene is not only limit an object but also the connectivity of camera language, lighting and space through the use of culture of three layer code to formalize the promotion of story line. The element of space is given to express what words can’t do and stiff information by interpreting movie space and to create symbol that make connection with roles and space. As of result, the creation in space generates representative meaning and implication. Though the use of semiotics and design analysis can create connected space and role emotion in movie scene to simulate closer psychological condition. The interpretation can be more persuasive and more in depth.