- 學位論文
建築uPVC給水管對室內環境健康風險影響與改善策略之探討
Discussion on the impact of building uPVC water supply pipes on indoor environmental health risks and improvement strategies
摘要
給水塑膠管在建築物體中經高溫曝曬後，造成飲用供水質對室內人體健康產生危害。許多文獻專注在水質研究，尤其在生物，化學和重金屬方面水質探討，但關於硬聚氯乙烯(uPVC)管受熱溶出塑化劑於水中的研究相對較少。許多國家規範管道設備材料以確保水質符合直接飲用水法，但在臺灣只規範給熱水管之材質為金屬材料，而對冷水給水管並無限制。由於臺灣建物近年來多數使用不鏽鋼水塔並安裝於屋頂層，就冷水供應之條件而用uPVC管連接，但在強烈陽光下暴曬半天後，不銹鋼水塔內水溫升高約至55°C。較高的水溫導致鄰苯二甲酸二異壬酯（DINP）與鄰苯二甲酸二酯（DEHP）溶於水中而影響人體健康。本研究針對不同曝曬程度造成的高溫環境，探討在不同管境的uPVC管中之塑化劑溶出量，並探討新舊管材受時間因素所溶出之趨勢狀況，作為人體攝入之健康風險評估，藉由烘箱加熱模擬uPVC管處於曝曬或西曬之環境，並於固定的時間採管內穩定水樣於液相層析質譜儀(LC/MS/MS)中檢測其塑化劑濃度。結果顯示不同條件下uPVC給水管受熱溶於水中之塑化劑濃度趨勢，並評估其所造成之健康風險，進而提出改善方法以避免因建築物或室內裝修使用不適合之管材造成之健康衝擊。
並列摘要
Exposure to high temperature causes water pipes in buildings to release toxic substances to drinking water. Numerous studies on water quality have focused on the effect of organisms, chemicals, and heavy metals, but few have discussed unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (uPVC) pipes dissolving plasticizers under heat. Many countries have regulations on the material used for pipes to ensure that the water equality meets standards for direct drinking. By contrast, Taiwan only has regulations that demand metal pipes be used for heated water, and has no regulation on water pipes for unheated water. In recent years, buildings in Taiwan mostly have stainless steel water tanks equipped on the rooftop. The water in such tanks is distributed to various spots in a building through uPVC pipes as unheated water. However, after being exposed to strong sunlight for half a day, the water temperature in a stainless-steel water tank can reach approximately 55°C. The high water temperature causes DINP and DEHP to dissolve into the water, thereby affecting people’s health. This study discussed high temperature environments caused by different degrees of sun exposure and assessed the amount of plasticizers dissolved from uPVC pipes of different diameters. This study also investigated the plasticizer dissolution trend of old and new pipe materials over time. The results were used for risk assessment for human body intake. This study adopted a baking oven to simulate uPVC pipes being exposed to the sun. At regular hours, this study sampled the static water from the pipes. The samples were analyzed using liquid chromatograph/mass spectrometer to determine the plasticizer concentrations in them. The results showed the trends of the plasticizer concentrations in the water under different conditions under which uPVC pipes were heated. The results were used to assess the health risks thus caused, according to which this study proposed improvement methods to prevent health impacts caused by unsuitable pipe materials used in buildings or interior renovation.
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