音樂類型與音量對中高齡者之再認記憶與反應時間研究

音樂帶給人們生活上的娛樂，除了享受音樂旋律與節奏帶來的愉悅感，人們也常在工作時聆聽音樂來舒緩情緒與壓力，但音樂類型與不同的音量大小會帶給人們不一樣的感受與心情，此一現象是否影響工作的專注度與績效，成為一重要之課題，因此本研究主要想了解，中高齡者於辦公室之音樂偏好與現況以及不同音樂之偏好程度與音量大小對於判讀不同資訊量時之再認記憶與反應時間是否有差異，本研究以問卷調查法與實驗法來進行，首先以問卷調查法針對 62 位年齡在 45 歲~65 歲之中高齡者進行調查，了解喜歡與不喜歡之音樂類型，結果發現在問卷調查結果 (1) 中高齡者習慣的音樂類型依序為經典流行類、純音樂/純樂器演奏及時下流行音樂；而偏好的音樂為流行通俗音樂、民歌及鄉村民謠音樂與古典音樂；(2) 不喜歡的音樂則為嘻哈、RAP、饒舌樂 / 電子舞曲 (EDM) 電音音樂 / R&B、靈魂節奏藍調、靈魂樂；(3) 聽音樂主要是令人心情快樂、愉悅，且紓壓、陶冶性情、培養興趣；(4) 聽音樂的習慣以智慧手機為主；(5) 工作時播放音樂的主導權在於自己；(6) 而工作與音樂的關係均呈現正向肯定的態度。實驗方法則根據問卷之結果挑選喜歡與不喜歡之音樂各三首作為音樂樣本，並搭以3種音量 (40、50、60dB)，以耳罩式耳機聆聽的同時進行4種訊息數量之圖片再認任務，並將圖片呈現時間以1.5、2.5、3.5秒進行測量，針對41位45至 65歲中高齡者進行實驗，以了解對其再認記憶與反應時間是否有差異，實驗結果發現 (1) 音樂類型對正確率與反應時間無顯著影響；(2) 音量對正確率無顯著影響，對反應時間有顯著影響；(3) 圖片呈現時間與圖片數量對正確率與反應時間均有顯著影響。

關鍵字

音樂；中高齡者；再認記憶；反應時間

並列摘要

In addition to enjoying the pleasure brought by the melody and rhythm of the music in daily life, people often listen to music at work to relieve their emotions and stress. However, people can have different feelings and moods about different types and volumes of music. Whether this phenomenon affects work focus and performance has become an important topic. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the music preferences and current situation of middle-aged and elderly people in the office, and whether there were differences in recognition memory and reaction time in interpreting different information among different music preferences and volumes. This study was carried out by a questionnaire survey and an experimental method. First, the questionnaire survey was conducted among 62 middle-aged and elderly people between the ages of 45 and 65 to find what they like and dislike about music and the current situation. The results of the questionnaire survey showed that (1) middle-aged and elderly people were used to the music types of classical pop music, pure music/pure instrument playing, and current pop music, in this order; and they preferred popular music, folk songs, country folk music, and classical music; (2) they disliked hip-hop, RAP, RAP music/electronic dance music (EDM), electronic music/R&B, soul R&B, and soul music; (3) listening to music was mainly for making themselves happy and cheerful, relieve their stress, mold their temperament and cultivate their interests; (4) they listened to music mainly on smartphones; (5) it was up to themselves when playing music at work; and (6) they were all positive about the relationship between work and music. The experiment was conducted on 41 middle-aged and elderly people between the ages of 45 and 65 by the following steps: according to the results of the questionnaire, three types of music which the subjects liked and disliked were selected as music samples, then, they listened to the music with headsets in three volumes (40, 50, and 60 dBs). At the same time, they accepted the task of image recognition memory with four kinds of information quantity, with the images being presented for 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 seconds. The results were measured to understand whether there were differences in their recognition memory and reaction time. The experimental results showed that (1) music type had no significant effect on accuracy and reaction time; (2) volume had no significant effect on accuracy but had a significant effect on reaction time; and (3) both the presentation time and the number of images had significant effects on accuracy and reaction time.

並列關鍵字

Music ； Middle-Aged and Elderly People ； Recognition Memory ； Reaction Time

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