應用灰關聯分析探討性別與不同年齡層勞動參與率影響因素之研究

A Study of the Factors Influencing the Labor Force Participation Rate Among Gender and All Ages by Using Grey Relational Analysis

張譯云(Yi-Yun Chang)

指導教授 ： 陳俊益

義守大學/管理學院/工業管理學系/碩士(2017年)

摘要

隨著社會變遷、家庭型態改變及教育程度提升，整體勞動參與率的變動波幅不大，但是男性勞動參與率卻有遞減的趨勢，反而是女性勞動參與率呈現遞增。然而影響勞動參與率的因素有很多種，一般研究影響勞動參與率的文獻，大多關注於全面性地對女性勞動參與率影響因素進行探討與著墨，較少將總體勞動參與率依性別及年齡區分，實際上，各年齡層勞動參與率之影響因素可能不盡相同。因此，本研究以2006年至2015年間的十項影響因素為主軸進行探討，透過灰關聯分析方法，找出影響整體勞動參與率之性別及各年齡層之勞動參與率影響因素與關聯程度。
根據研究結果顯示，除了15～24歲勞動參與率外，共有5項因素(包含生育率、平均薪資結構、結婚率、65歲以上人口占總人口比率、失業率)對整體勞動參與率、不同性別勞動參與率與其他各年齡區間(25～44歲、45～64歲和65歲以上)勞動參與率有較顯著影響，但影響程度略有差異，其中又以生育率和平均薪資結構影響程度最大。生育率、離婚率、結婚率、平均薪資結構、失業率，對15～24歲勞動參與率有較為顯著影響。
進一步研究10個影響因素間關聯性，以國內生產毛額最為重要，換言之，國內生產毛額為最主要的影響因素，影響其他9個因素，而從量化排序中，可以得知，失業率受其影響最大，其次為經濟成長率，而65歲以上人口占總人口比率受其影響最小。

關鍵字

勞動參與率 ； 性別 ； 年齡層 ； 灰關聯分析

並列摘要

With social changes, family type transformation and education level elevation, these affect less in overall labor participation rate, but its decreasing in male, increasing in female. However, there are many factors that affect the labor participation rate. Generally, the researches on the labor participation rate mainly focus on comprehensively discussing and influencing factors of female labor force participation rate, and less on the overall labor force participation rate classified by sex and age, In fact, the factors affecting labor participation rate may vary depending on various age group. In this study, ten influencing factors between 2006 and 2015 were taken as the key ones. Through the gray relational analysis, the factors influencing the labor participation rate and the influencing factors of the labor participation rate of all ages were analyzed.
According to the results of the study, there are five factors (including fertility rate, average salary structure, marriage rate, population aged over 65, and unemployment rate) in addition to the labor participation rate of 15 to 24 years. The labor force participation rate has a significant effect on labor participation rate among all age groups (25-44, 45-64, and 65 years old), but the degree of influence is slightly different, among which the influence of fertility and average salary structure are maximum. Fertility rate, divorce rate, marriage rate, average salary structure, unemployment rate, labor participation rate of 15 to 24 years of age have a more significant impact.
Further study of the correlation between the 10 factors, the gross domestic product is the most important, in other words, it play dominant role on affecting the other nine factors. From the quantitative order, it could see that the unemployment rate is the second, followed by economic growth rate, while the 65-year-old population over the total population ratio is the least.

並列關鍵字

Grey relational analysis ； Labor Force Participation Rate ； Gender ； Ages

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