手術室護理人員工作壓力、幸福感與離職意向之相關性研究

Relationships among stress, happiness and leaving intention for nurses in operating room

楊禕芳(Yi-Fang Yang)

指導教授 ： 江純瑛

義守大學/醫學院/護理學系/碩士(2021年)

摘要

背景：台灣是全世界護理人員職業生涯時間最短的國家，平均工作年資不到八年，與歐美國家護理人員平均超過20年的職業生涯時間相差甚遠。護理人員的短缺、高流動率，會使護理人員離職意願提高，進而影響整體醫療服務的品質與病患的安全。手術室護理人員是醫療護理產業中複雜性較高的一個專業部門，工作特性是屬於複雜度高且壓力大的單位，優良的工作環境讓手術室護理師能夠有更好的身、心健康以提供更好的照護品質，故檢視手術室護理人員工作壓力、幸福感、與離職意向的相關因素是重要的。
目的：本研究目的為探討手術室護理人員工作壓力、幸福感與離職意向之相關性研究。
方法：採橫斷相關性研究設計，以方便取樣進行資料收集，對象以高雄某醫療集團旗下醫院為研究地點，需就職年滿六個月年資、年齡滿20歲及自願參與本研究之手術室護理師為研究對象，研究工具包含「工作壓力量表」、「離職傾向量表」、「中國人幸福感量表」3種結構式問卷為研究工具，以SPSS2.0統計軟體進行統計分析，以單因子變異數、獨立樣本t檢定、皮爾森績差相關分析。
結果：共完成132份有效問卷，以26-30歲女性護理人員居多，研究結果顯示，手術室護理人員之工作壓力會因年齡、教育程度、居住狀況之不同而有所差異；幸福感會因跟刀科別及每週加班時數而有所差異，離職意向會因年齡有差異；工作壓力感受情形與工作壓力困擾及離職意向呈現正相關，表示護理人員工作壓力感受情形越高其工作壓力困擾程度、離職意向也越高；工作壓力感受情形及工作壓力困擾情形與幸福感呈現負相關，表示護理人員工作壓力感受及困擾越小其幸福感越高；護理人員幸福感與離職意向呈現負相關，表示護理人員幸福感越低離職意向就越高。
結論:工作環境是手術室護理人員是最在意的，提供完整及足夠的防護裝備落實手術室標準化作業流程，降低手術室護理人員對於工作環境之安全疑慮及工作壓力，提高工作效率，讓手術室護理人員發揮所長；並重視工作表現與付出，激勵與肯定工作成效，增加員工歸屬感，使手術室護理人員有意願且能持續為專業效力，協助手術室護理人員改善工作壓力和增加幸福感降低離職率。

關鍵字

手術室護理人員 ； 工作壓力 ； 幸福感 ； 離職意向

並列摘要

Background: Taiwan is the country with the shortest career time for nursing staff in the world. The average working experience is less than eight years. It is far from the average career time of more than 20 years of nursing staff in European and American countries. The shortage of nursing staff and high flow rate, increase the willingness of nursing staff to leave, which in turn affects the quality of overall medical services and the safety of patients. Operating room nurses are a highly complex professional department in the medical care industry. A working characteristic is a unit with high complexity and high pressure. A good working environment allows nurses in the operating room to have better physical and mental health to provide a better quality of care. Therefore, it is important to examine the related factors of operating room nursing staff's stress, happiness, and leaving intention
Purpose: The study objective was to examine the relationships among stress, happiness, and leaving intention for nurses in the operating room.
Methods: A cross-sectional correlation research design was adopted to facilitate sampling for data collection. The subject was a hospital under a Kaohsiung medical group as the research site. Nurses in the operating room who needed to have worked for six months or more, aged 20 or above, and voluntarily participate in this research were recruited into the study. The research tools included three structured questionnaires, the "Work Stress Scale", "The Turnover Propensity Scale", and the "Chinese Well-being Scale" as research tools. The SPSS20.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis. Analysis of variance, independent sample t-test, Pearson's correlation have been used to analyze the data.
Results: A total of 132 valid questionnaires were completed, most of which were female nursing staff aged 26-30. Research results showed that the work pressure of nursing staff in the operating room has significant differences with age, education level, and living conditions. The results of well-being were significant differences in the different departments of operation and the number of overtime hours per week. The result of the intention to leave was a significant difference with age. The feeling of stress is positively correlated with stress and the intention to leave, which means that the higher the stress feeling of nursing staff, the higher the degree of stress and the intention to leave. Stress feelings and distress situations were negatively correlated with workplace happiness, indicating that the less stressful and troubled nursing staff feel, the higher their happiness. Nursing staff’s happiness was negatively correlated with their intention to leave, indicating that the lower the happiness, the higher the intention to leave.
conclusion: The working environment is the most important factor for nursing staff in the operating room. Provide complete and sufficient protective equipment to implement standardized operating procedures in the operating room. Nurses would benefit from reducing the safety concerns and work stress in the operating room, improve work efficiency and give full play to their strengths. It also values work performance and dedication encourages and affirms work effectiveness, increases the sense of belonging of employees, makes operating room nurses willing and able to continue to be professional, and assists operating room nurses to improve their work stress and increase happiness to reduce the leaving rate.

並列關鍵字

Operating room nurses ； stress ； happiness ； leaving intention

參考文獻

Chang, Y. P., Lee, D. C., Chang, S. C., Lee, Y. H., & Wang, H. H. (2019). Influence of work excitement and workplace violence on professional commitment and turnover intention among hospital nurses. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 28(11-12), 2171-2180. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14808

Wilson, W. (1967). Correlates of avowed happiness. Psychological Bulletin, 67(4), 294-306. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0024431

一、中文部分

中華民國護理師護士公會全國聯合會（2015a），「102 年醫療機構人力現況調查統計」，http://www.nurse.org.tw/DataSearch/ManpowerAll.aspx#

中華民國護理師護士公會全國聯合會(2015b)，「103 年醫療機構人力現況調查統計」，http://www.nurse.org.tw/DataSearch/ManpowerAll.aspx#