偏鄉國小經營策略之探討

台灣面臨人口負成長與生育率下滑的低氣壓，偏鄉地區人口嚴重外流、高齡化和少子女化，使得偏鄉學校招生來源減少、教育資源侷限。於教育逆境中，如何留住優質教師，保障學童受教權和提升競爭力，使學生發揮專才並滿足家長期待，弭平城鄉教育落差，追求永續發展經營，是一個很重要的議題。本研究旨在瞭解偏鄉國民小學現有問題、教育方針及經營管理策略。透過深度訪談，針對台灣東部海岸、西部山區、及客家庄偏鄉地區，與在職資深教師、行政人員和關心教育的家長訪談，了解受訪者對學校經營之看法，希望解決上述問題，並找出永續經營的策略。訪談結果發現偏鄉國小除了結合在地自然生態、人文特質、連結社區產業以發展學校特色之外。並可利用校園環境活化、交通運輸改善、教師教學創新、親職教育促進、學生多元興趣及深化技能培育，提高學校競爭優勢。根據訪談結果及相關教育理論，本研究也提出具體建議，供政府相關單位及偏鄉小學教育管理者作為參考。

關鍵字

偏鄉國小；教育理論；學校經營管理

並列摘要

Taiwan is facing negative population growth and declining fertility rate in gloomy atmosphere. The severe population outflow, aging and low birthrate in remote rural areas have reduced the enrollment sources for rural primary schools and limited their educational resources. Therefore, to retain high-quality teachers, protect schoolchildren’s right to education, enhance competitiveness, enable students to develop their talents and meet parents’ expectations, bridge the urban-rural educational gap, and pursue sustainable management are very important issues for rural primary schools. The purpose of this research aims to understand the existing problems, educational policies and management strategies of primary schools in rural areas. Through in-depth interviews, we conducted the survey with senior teachers, administrators, and parents who concerned about education in the eastern coast, western mountainous areas, and remote Hakka townships in Taiwan to understand the respondents’ views on school management, attempt to solve the above problems and find sustainable management strategies. Results showed that the management strategies of rural primary schools could use the local natural ecosystems, humanistic characteristics, combine with local industries, and develop their own advantages. The schools could engage in activation of campus environment, transportation improvement, innovative teaching, promotion of parenting education, and cultivation of students' diverse interests and skill training. Based on the results and related educational theories, this study also makes specific suggestions to relevant government agencies and school administrators as reference for rural primary schools.