以智慧型逆變器提升太陽光伏發電系統併網容量及其最佳化探討

Using Smart Inverters to Increase and Optimize the Grid-connected Capacities of Photovoltaic Generation Systems

陳仕哲(Shi-Zhe Chen)

指導教授 ： 謝世傑

義守大學/電機資訊學院/電機工程學系/碩士(2016年)

摘要

台灣用電需求逐漸上升，且因地形狹小與人為因素，興設發電廠非常不易，而核能發電也會因使用時間長久將而除役，因此台灣也積極推動太陽能發電，陸續增加PV併網容量，紓解供電危機，但會對原有電網造成衝擊，本文以台電系統NO.22饋線為研究對象，使用具三階段實/虛功率調控模式之智慧型PV逆變器(Smart PV Inverter)來調控太陽光伏發電系統注入配電饋線之實功率，避免其併接匯流排電壓變動率超過2.5%，並利用OpenDSS進行系統模擬分析，進而找出太陽光伏發電系統併接匯流排之最大允許實功率注入量，同時考慮日照量與溫度，計算太陽光伏發電系之發電量、實際注入饋線之實功率與削減量，進行成本效益分析與靈敏度分析。
此外，本文將結合Matlab與OpenDSS，利用粒子群優法(PSO)尋找最大淨現值之PV發電系統最佳裝置容量，以符合台電之再生能源發電系統併網規範：在配電系統中，再生能源併接容量不得超過5000kWp以及電壓變動率不得超過2.5%的限制。

關鍵字

再生能源 ； 太陽能 ； 智慧型逆變器 ； 電壓變動率 ； 粒子群優法 ； 成本效益分析 ； 靈敏度分析

並列摘要

It is difficult to construct new large generation plant in Taiwan due to increasing demand for electricity, small and crowded land, and human factors. The nuclear power plants will rescind in the near future, so Taiwan is actively promoting solar power generation, and continue to increase the grid-connected capacity of photovoltaic（PV）generation systems to relieve the electric power shortage, but that will impact the electric power grid. This thesis investigates the Taipower feeder NO.22, using smart inverters with three-stage real and reactive power control modes to adjust the power injected into the distribution feeder, so that the voltage variation rate at the point of common coupling (PCC) shall not exceed 2.5%. This thesis then utilizes the Open Distribution System Simulator (OpenDSS) to simulate and find the maximum amount of allowable real power injection at the PCC‚ and consider solar irradiation and temperature data to find the real power output of the PV system, the real power injected into the feeder, and the curtailment of PV real power. The thesis also conducts the cost-benefit analysis and sensitivity analysis.
In addition, the thesis will combine Matlab and OpenDSS, using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to find the optimal capacity of photovoltaic（PV）generation system with maximum Net Present Value (NPV)‚ while meeting the rule for connecting renewable energy generation system into the distribution system, i.e., the renewable energy capacity shall not exceed 5,000 kWp and the percentage of voltage variation at the PCC shall not exceed 2.5%.

並列關鍵字

Renewable energy ； Smart Inverter ； voltage variation percentage ； OpenDSS ； particle swarm optimization ； cost-benefit analysis ； sensitivity analysis

參考文獻

[1] 台灣電力公司，陽光屋頂百萬座計畫，http://www.mrpv.org.tw/。

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[3] Srivastava‚ A.K.﹔Kumar‚ A.A.﹔Schulz‚ N.N.‚ “Impact of Distributed Generations with Energy Storage Devices on the Electric Grid‚” IEEE Systems Journal‚ vol. 6‚ no. 1‚ pp. 110-117‚ Mar. 2012.

[4] Taira‚ S.﹔Ziadi‚ Z.﹔Funabashi‚ T.‚ “Assessment of impact of distributed generators‚plug- in electric vehicle and Battery Energy Storage system on power distribution losses‚” 2013 1st International Future Energy Electronics Conference‚ pp. 675-680‚ Nov. 2013.

[5] 許振庭、張宏葆、鄭尊仁、黃宏銘、邱議民，「太陽光電系統對小島型電力系統之運轉影響」，中華民國第三十五屆電力工程研討會，民國103年12月5-6日。