番茄細菌性斑點病防治研究

番茄為世界重要之蔬果作物之一，病蟲害種類繁多，尤其在台灣高溫多濕的環境下栽培，常發生病蟲害問題，在細菌性病害方面，青枯病為番茄栽培的重要問題，其次為由 Xanthomonas spp.引起的細菌性斑點病，在全世界造成經濟損失，防治此病害主要是施用含銅藥劑，但長期的使用含銅藥劑已經造成細菌性斑點病病原菌產生抗藥性，再加上病原菌可藉由種子污染而傳播，致使防治不易。從台灣南部高屏地區栽培的辣椒與番茄分離的細菌性斑點病原菌，完成柯霍氏法則，並進行 PCR 的鑑定，確認分離的病原菌包含Xanthomonas euvesicatoria (XE) 與 Xanthomonas perforans (XP)。從土壤分離所得四種生物防治用的菌株，代號分別為 01、08、44 及 46，經鑑定01為Bacillus atrophaeus、08為Bacillus mojavensis、44為Burkholderia vietnamiensis、46為Bacillus atrophaeus，經過抑制試驗測定，01、08與46的菌液與濾液在培養基上對 XP 都有抑制能力，進行接種試驗的生物防治試驗，若先接種一週後，再分別以農藥及生物防治菌進行防治，對於細菌性斑點病沒有顯著的效果 (p>0.05)，若先分別以農藥及生物防治菌進行防治，之後再接種，對於細菌性斑點病有顯著的效果 (p<0.05)。

關鍵字

番茄細菌性斑點病；防治

並列摘要

Tomato is an important fruit crop in Taiwan. Taiwan is located in the subtropical region. The high temperature and high humidity should be beneficial to the growth of plant pathogens, including Xanthomonas spp. The bacterial spot has caused serious tomato diseases in the world. In the past, the way to prevent and treat this disease was mainly using copper-containing agents. But e long-term use of copper-containing agents has already caused many bacterial spot pathogens to develop resistance. In addition, the speed of transmission is always fast, and the speed of prevention cannot stop the speed of disease diffusion. Excessive use of pesticides is also likely to cause environmental hazards and possibly harm human. Several bacterial isolates were collected and isolated from leaf lesions of chili and tomato plants from commercial fields in Kaoshiung and Pintung areas. These isolates were ferther confirmed their pathogenicity through Koch’s postulated on its host plants under controlled environment and the isolates were subsequently identified as Xanthomonas euvesicatoria (XE) and X. perforans (XP) using polymerase chain reaction. In seeking microorganism that has biocontrol property to fight with Xanthomonas euvesicatoria (XE) and X. perforans. They are Bacillus atrophaeus(01)、Bacillus mojavensis(08)、Burkholderia vietnamiensis(44)、Bacillus atrophaeus(46) . In vitro, they all expressed strong inhibition property against leaf spot bacteria(p < 0.05). However, the preliminary test in greenhouse showed that these four bacteria only have protective effect but no curative property.