田寮區咖啡種植農業科技管理改善維護之研究

本研究以高雄市田寮區之田寮咖啡莊園為研究對象，探討在惡地質環境種植咖啡生長的研究，而莊園的咖啡便是種植在如此惡劣的環境上，因此滿足咖啡生長所需之重要條件—水資源規劃在此環境更形重要，田寮咖啡莊園以做為產學平台基地為使命，鼓勵產學合作並分享台灣咖啡種植教學之經驗與成果。而且透過農業科技以有效率之方式提高生產力，同時亦將實驗場域設置於高雄田寮區種植區域，以從中找出適合種植的咖啡及造林樹種的滴灌模式。本研究在於了解咖啡莊園使用科學的方式解決咖啡種植所面臨的問題，以降低不必要的資源浪費，妥善分配可用的資源。第一點首先要務為使咖啡樹有足夠的水資用可以利用，水分的儲存便格外重要。第二點是若能克服水分儲存的問題，將這些能夠被利用的水資源輸送出去，其水質需達到一定的標準，以維持滴灌系統的正常運作。第三點是否可以將灌溉系統自動化，藉由定點輸送流體，使水分、養分能夠輸送到每一植株上，不造成植物搶水或搶養分的狀況發生，可以照顧每棵咖啡樹的生長。第四點針對惡地質的土壤種植咖啡，除了必須對土壤進行檢測，還需要了解咖啡的植株適地性的問題提出解決方法，因此土壤改良是必要的。為解決灌溉問題，田寮咖啡莊園採用智能滴灌技術來確保在資源有限的狀況下達成最佳的運用，此技術針對土壤水分及電導度進行即時的監測，透過wifi即可於手機中隨時瞭解土壤的狀況，並自動化進行水分及養分的調控與補充。另外，各別作物的生理監測及土壤特性研究有其必要性。本研究於莊園周界未受人為干擾之原生泥岩土壤，及目前莊園內使用滴灌設備後之土壤，採取距地15 cm之表土，進行完整的土壤物理、化學及微生物分析，利用傳感器接收資料上傳雲端建立現地的詳細土壤背景資料，為咖啡栽培之土壤管理提供科學化的相關數據。本研究也觀察莊園內之生態是否友善，提升現地咖啡栽植土壤之品質，以期減少過多的化學肥料施用，如此可建議莊園未來能達成綠色農業及循環經濟等附加價值，進而發展成六級觀光農場的產業規模。

關鍵字

咖啡莊園；惡地環境；農業科技；土壤改良；滴灌技術

並列摘要

In this study, we cooperated with Tianliao Coffee Manor in Tianliao District of Kaohsiung City to discuss the research on growing coffee in a bad geological environment. The coffee in the manor is grown in such a harsh environment, so it is important to meet the needs of coffee growth. Conditions—Water resources planning is more important in this environment. Tianliao Coffee Estate also takes the mission of serving as an industry-academic platform base, encouraging industry-academic cooperation and sharing the experience and achievements of coffee planting teaching in Taiwan. The transformation is to increase productivity through technology agriculture in an efficient manner. At the same time, the experimental field is set in the cultivation area of Tianliao District in Kaohsiung to find out the drip irrigation mode suitable for planting coffee and afforestation tree species. This research is to understand that coffee farms use scientific methods to solve the problems faced by coffee cultivation, so as to reduce unnecessary waste of resources and properly allocate available resources. The first point is to make sure that the coffee tree has enough water to use, and the storage of water is particularly important. The second point is that if the problem of water storage can be overcome and the water resources that can be utilized can be transported out, the water quality needs to reach a certain standard to maintain the normal operation of the drip irrigation system. The third point is whether it is possible to automate the irrigation system. By delivering fluid at a fixed point, water and nutrients can be delivered to each plant, without causing plants to grab water or nutrients. The limited resources are appropriately allocated to take care of each. The growth of a coffee tree. The fourth point is to plant coffee in the soil of bad geology. In addition to testing the soil, it is also necessary to understand the problem of coffee plantability and propose solutions. Therefore, soil quality improvement is necessary. In order to solve the irrigation problem, Tianliao Coffee Manor uses smart drip irrigation technology to ensure that the best use is achieved in the case of limited resources. This technology monitors the soil moisture and electrical conductivity in real time, and can understand the soil on the mobile phone at any time through wifi And automatically regulate and supplement water and nutrients. In addition, the physiological monitoring of various crops and the study of soil characteristics are necessary. In this study, the original mudstone soil that is not disturbed by the human perimeter of the manor and the soil after the drip irrigation equipment is used in the manor will take the topsoil 15 cm away from the ground to perform a complete soil physical, chemical and microbiological analysis, and use the sensor to receive data Upload detailed soil background information established in the cloud to provide scientific and relevant data for soil management of coffee cultivation. This study also observes whether the ecology in the manor is friendly and improves the quality of the local coffee planting soil in order to reduce the excessive application of chemical fertilizers. This can suggest that the manor can achieve additional value such as green agriculture and circular economy in the future, and then develop into a six-level tourist farm Industry scale.