從高雄氣爆檢視國軍地下油料管線管理機制

民國103年7月31日夜間，民眾通報疑似有瓦斯洩漏。幾個小時後該區域發生連環爆炸，造成32人死亡、321人受傷，並造成至少包括三多一、二路、凱旋三路、一心一路等多條重要道路嚴重損壞，周邊店家也因為爆炸破壞而造成重大經濟損失。事後經調查認定為四吋丙烯管線遭不當包覆於排水箱涵內，致管壁由外向內腐蝕並日漸減薄，而無法負荷輸送管內之壓力而破損，致運送中液態丙烯外洩，係引起本件爆炸事故主因。高雄市政府經濟發展局於「城市發展」半年刊指出，高雄是石化產業重地，石化工業區散布於高雄市區，石化原料已在地底下埋管輸送多年，部分行經人口稠密的市區，高雄氣爆事件凸顯國內石化管線管理的問題，而未來在石化管線管理、安全設計、巡檢、防救災機制之擬訂，中央立法又應該如何規範？係未來市政府努力的方向。而從事提供油料供給之國軍部隊，其大規模油料整補乃採地下管線運輸方式實施補充，其管線與石化工業如出一轍，如何落實地下管線安全管控機制至為重要。探究早期政府來臺，村落稀疏，管線埋設尤其隨便，而隨著時代演變、社會進步，城市人口發展愈趨密集，不論國防或公用油料之管線，鋪設範圍遍布各地，其輸送物質屬可燃、易燃性質或易肇致環境污染，一旦發生油氣洩漏事故，易致火災、爆炸或環境污染。由於都市地區人口集中，各類管線多埋設於道路下且其密度高，因道路開挖破壞公用氣體與油料管線，肇致油氣洩漏災害時有所聞，甚而影響社會公共安全。本文針對國內地下管線設施管理現況與國軍加以分析、彙整管線災害案例、災害特性與管理問題，藉由管線管理現況與災例的研析，歸納出管線設施之災害特性，以供管線災害之管理改善措施或建議之參考。

關鍵字

高雄氣爆；石化產業；管線管理；安全管控

並列摘要

On the night of July 31, 103, the public reported that there was a suspected gas leak. A few hours later, a series of explosions occurred in the area, killing 32 people and injuring 321 people, causing serious damage to at least three important roads including the three major ones, two roads, the Kaixuan three roads, and one heart and one road. The surrounding stores were also damaged by the explosion. And caused significant economic losses. After investigation, it was found that the tetra-propylene pipeline was improperly covered in the drain tank culvert, causing the pipe wall to corrode from the outside to the inside and gradually thinning, and could not be damaged by the pressure in the conveying pipe, causing the liquid propylene to leak out during the transportation. It is the main cause of this explosion. The Kaohsiung City Government Economic Development Bureau said in the "Urban Development" semi-annual publication that Kaohsiung is a heavy industry in the petrochemical industry. The petrochemical industrial area is scattered in the urban area of Kaohsiung. The petrochemical raw materials have been buried under the ground for many years, and some of them are densely populated urban areas, Kaohsiung. The gas explosion incident highlights the problems of domestic petrochemical pipeline management. In the future, how should the central legislation be standardized in the formulation of petrochemical pipeline management, safety design, inspection and disaster prevention mechanisms? It is the direction of future city government efforts.The national army units engaged in the supply of oil supplies, the large-scale oil material replenishment is supplemented by underground pipeline transportation methods, and its pipelines are exactly the same as the petrochemical industry. How to implement the underground pipeline safety management and control mechanism is of paramount importance. Exploring the early government to Taiwan, the villages are sparse, and the pipelines are buried especially easily. With the evolution of the times and social progress, the urban population is becoming more and more dense. Regardless of the pipelines of national defense or public oil, the paving range is everywhere, and the transporting materials are flammable and easy. The nature of combustion may cause environmental pollution. In the event of an oil and gas leak, it may cause fire, explosion or environmental pollution. Due to the concentrated population in the urban areas, various types of pipelines are buried under the roads and their density is high. Due to road excavation destroying common gas and oil pipelines, the oil and gas leakage disasters have been reported, which even affects social public safety. This paper analyzes the current situation of domestic underground pipeline facilities management and the national army, and summarizes the pipeline disaster cases, disaster characteristics and management problems. Through the analysis of pipeline management status and disaster cases, the disaster characteristics of pipeline facilities are summarized for pipeline disasters. A reference to management improvement measures or recommendations.