因應募兵制我國替代役制度變化之探討 - 以替代役訓練班為例

因應全面募兵制實施對替代役制度的影響及改變，本研究以替代役訓練班為例，基於安全形勢所要求作戰能力改變、社會人口變遷、社會福利完善及軍事訓練化，義務役士兵難以承受軍隊日以變遷的專業化需求，故由徵兵制轉為募兵制。我國107年起，停止徵集82年次以前出生之役男服常備兵役，並依兵役法第25條全數轉服替代役，本研究探討將來未來替代役役男，如何從事訓練、服務、後備召集，以及未來如何因應人力精簡，基礎訓練、專業訓練、服勤單位、服勤內容至後備召集進行系統調整。至於針對83年次以後出生之役男，國防部為儲備動員戰力，回歸接受4個月的軍事訓練，以提升役男軍事基本技能，遂行戰時防衛作戰任務政策，基於役期公平性之原則，83年次後出生役男之替代役役期也調整為4-6個月，將來役期相較82年次以前出生服役役男的一年役期，縮短許多。本研究針對因應縮短役期之替代役，從訓練至服務機關進行研究及訪談，以獲取未來之命題，另一方面，對於國外有替代役背景的國家，其因應的政策是否我國可以參照或效仿。研究結果發現，未來替代役基於家庭因素、宗教因素等人權考量，仍有續存之必要；替代役訓練班也將因應政策，調整基礎訓練時間、課程以符合未來替代役的三大役別工作內容(警察役、消防役、社會役)；訓練班也可配合替代役備役役男編管召訓機制，改制為替代役訓練中心，有效運用後備役男去協助社會，後備役男的規劃及編管，使替代役組織於平、戰時運作更加效率流暢。藉由本研究希望未來替代役政策能在基於兵役公平原則下，為社會有更卓越的貢獻，更展現出替代役精神「服務人群、走入社會」，讓社會看見替代役的價值。

關鍵字

募兵制；替代役；深度訪談

並列摘要

Because of the influence and change of the system of substituting service, this study takes the replacement training class as an example, based on the change of operational capability, social population change, social welfare perfection and military training, which is based on the security situation, and the compulsory service soldiers are difficult to withstand the specialized demand of the military day to change. For the recruitment system. In the past 107 years, China ceased to collect the 82-year-old men's uniform military service, and put it into service in accordance with the military service law twenty-fifth. This study explored the future alternative service men, how to engage in training, service, reserve convening, and how to reduce human resources, basic training, professional training and service units in the future. The contents of the service to the reserve call for systematic adjustment. At the end of the 83 year after birth, the Ministry of defense, in order to reserve mobilization and return to 4 months of military training, is to improve the basic skills of the men's military, to carry out the policy of wartime defense operations, based on the principle of fairness in the service period, and to adjust the term of replacement service for 4-6 months after 83 years. Compared to the 82 years before, the service life of a servicemen has been shortened considerably. In this study, the research and interview from the training to the service organs should be carried out in order to obtain the future proposition because of the replacement service in the service period. On the other hand, for the countries that have the alternative service background in foreign countries, the corresponding policies in China can be referenced or emulated. The research results show that the future replacement service is still necessary for the survival of the family and religious factors, and the alternative service training class will also adjust the basic training time and curriculum to meet the future replacement of the three major tasks (police service, fire service, social service), and the training class can also be replaced by the alternative service training class. In service, the working men are engaged in the training and training mechanism, and they are converted into alternative service training centers, and the reserve men are effectively used to assist the society, and the planning and management of the backup men are made, so that the service organization is more efficient and fluent in the peace and war. It is hoped that the future alternative service policy can make a better contribution to the society based on the principle of military service. It also shows the value of serving the crowd, entering the society, and making the society see the substitute for the service.