近年來因石油危機所引起石化燃料價格飆漲及溫室氣體效應,造成再生能源興起。生質柴油是生質能源主要項目之一,近年來因生質柴油大量生產,導致生質柴油製程中之主要副產品甘油也產量暴增,造成甘油市場價位顯著下滑。本研究主要利用高溫高壓氣化甘油回收高熱值氣體,以提升甘油之利用價值。並變化主要操作參數及條件,找尋最佳的反應條件。 實驗以批次式反應器進行,內容積為16 ml。主要操作參數為:反應溫度400-600 ∘C、鈍氣預壓0-20 bar、反應物用量0.1-1 g、加熱時間 20-150分鐘,氣體產物使用氣相層析儀分析,主要氣體成分為: 氫氣、一氧化碳、甲烷、二氧化碳及乙烷。實驗結果顯示,氣體產率,氣體高熱值,以及能量產率的最大值分別為42.12 mmol/g (600 ∘C,0.1 g甘油,加熱時間120分鐘),1987.79 kJ/mol(600 ∘C、0.1 g甘油、加熱時間150分鐘),以及1.202 kJ/kJ(600 ∘C、0.1 g甘油、加熱時間150分鐘)。各主要氣體成分最大產率:氫氣12.12 mmol/g (600 ∘C、0.12 g甘油、加熱時間90分鐘),一氧化碳11.21 mmol/g (600 ∘C、0.5 g甘油、加熱時間30分鐘),甲烷11.75 mmol/g (600 ∘C、0.1 g甘油、加熱時間150分鐘),以及乙烷4.10 mmol/g (600 ∘C、0.1 g甘油、加熱時間90分鐘)。研究結果顯示甘油於高溫高壓下氣化效果良好,在適當條件下,甘油幾乎完全被氣化。
In recent years, the rocketing prices of petrochemical fuels caused by oil crisis and green house gases make the rise of renewable energy. Bio-diesel is one of the major part of renewable energy. Because of the mass production of bio-diesel these years, glycerol, the main by-product of bio-diesel producing process, has a significant decrease in market price. This research mainly uses high-temperature and high-pressure to gasify glycerol to recover high calorific value gases. It will help increasing the value of glycerol. The aim is to find the optimal reaction condition by varying operating parameters and conditions. All experiments use a 16-ml batch reactor. The main operating parameters are: reacting temperature 400-600 ∘C; pressure of preloaded noble gas 0-20 bar; reactant 0.1-1.0 g; heating time 20-150 min.; the product gas is analyzed using a GC-TCD. The main gas species are hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, carbon dioxide and ethane. The experiment result shows the highest gas yield, gas high heating value (HHV), and energy yield are 42.12 mmol/g (600 ∘C, 0.1 g glycerol, 120 min heating time), 1987.79kJ/mol (600∘C, 0.1 g glycerol, 150 min heating time), and 1.202 kJ/g (600∘C, 0.1 g glycerol, 150 min heating time), respectively. The highest individual gas yield of main species are 12.12 mmol/g for hydrogen (600∘C, 0.12 g glycerol, 90 minutes heating time), 11.21 mmol/g for carbon monoxide (600∘C, 0.5 g glycerol, 30 minutes heating time), 11.75 mmol/g for methane (600∘C, 0.1 g glycerol, 150 minutes heating time), and 4.10 mmol/g for ethane (600∘C, 0.1 g glycerol, 90 minutes heating time). The result shows that the gasification of glycerol performs well under high temperature and high pressure. Under proper conditions, glycerol is almost completely gasified.