國營事業土地徵收補償價格探討

土地徵收，係國家為興辦公共建設或公共用途之目的，以公權力之行使，強制手段取得私人所有土地，並給付相當之補償後消滅其所有權，另作支配使用，即政府對於私人財產權的剝奪暨產生影響人民之財產權。我國憲法第15條規定中明定人民之生存權、工作權及財產權，應予保障，爰在辦理土地徵收時需有嚴謹的構成條件，並對私人財產權所造成之特別損害應給予合理補償，此為政府部門行使徵收權時應必需具備之條件。政府在面對土地徵收時之補償態度，被一般民眾認為有低於正常交易價格，即使補償金額已從原土地公告現值加成補償改以市價補償，作為土地徵收補償費補償基準，然其補償價格之評定方法究與原以土地公告現值加成之評估方式有何差異，似無法完全使土地被徵收人得到損失之填補，致時有訴願、爭訟情事發生；在用地取得成本仍被認為較一般市場行情偏低之情形下，更易造成民眾對政府辦理土地徵收即有立即造成損失刻板之印象，從我國憲法角度談人民私有財產權之保障及政府辦理土地徵收需建立在合理補償之架構下，使民眾所受之損失得以完全得到填補，在行政機關推動土地徵收條例修法後，並以調整土地徵收補償費補償基準，是否仍被視為換湯不換藥之作法，能否讓社會大眾相信所評估出來之補償價格即是公平市價；又台灣糖業公司面對政府興辦公共建設或為發展經濟發動之土地徵收，其財產權被侵害及所獲補償之態度暨造成使用影響與國營事業需配合政府推動經建政策及公共建設用地取得，二者如何取得平衡。

關鍵字

國營事業；土地徵收；補償費；市價

並列摘要

Land expropriation, for the purpose of setting up a public infrastructure or the public purposes of the government, to execute the public authority to obtain private lands, and pay compensation after taking people's ownership. Land expropriation means the government dominate and influence private property rights. Article 15 of the Constitution clearly state that the people's rights to exist, the people's rights to work and the property shall be guaranteed. The process of land expropriation must follow the strict conditions, and should give reasonable compensation after the particular damage of private property rights. This is the necessary conditions of land expropriation when being executed by the government departments. The government compensation attitude for land expropriation at the time is considered that is below the normal transaction price, even if the present value of the land has already plus compensation from the original announcement to the market price. But What's the difference between the expropriation compensation standards of its evaluation methods and the present value of the land? It seems unable to completely make the proper compensation of land expropriation and caused many litigations. The cost of land Expropriation is still generally considered to be lower than the market price, many people has immediate caused the loss of stereotyped impression on land expropriation of the government. According to the perspective of our Constitution, the government should protect people's private property rights for land expropriation and need to establish reasonable compensation framework. After the law of land expropriation to be amended to promote by the administrative authorities, and adjust the compensation for land expropriation compensation basis. If it is still considered a new name but for the original practice? If it can make people believe that the assessed compensation is fair market price? Taiwan Sugar Corporation has to handle the public infrastructure of the government or the economy development to execute land expropriation. How to make a balance when the property rights have been infringed and the compensation of the lands will comply with the government economic policy and land expropriation of the public infrastructure.