職工休閒參與對於工作壓力、職業倦怠及身心健康之研究-以南部鋼鐵業為例

本研究主要目的是探討鋼鐵業職工休閒參與對於工作壓力、職業倦怠及身心健康之研究，並分析不同背景變項之差異。本研究採用問卷調查法，以南部鋼鐵業：燁聯鋼鐵、中鴻鋼鐵和盛餘鋼鐵為研究對象，採用便利抽樣方式抽取450位職工為本研究樣本，所收集的資料，使用spss 18.0版，以描述性統計、t檢定、單因子變異數分析及皮爾森積差相關，進行資料統計分析。經描述性統計結果顯示:本研究對象以男性居多、平均年齡為45~55歲、以大學教育程度為主且大都是已婚狀況。工作職稱以職員居多且服務年資大都是十年以上。另外平均每周參加休閒活動時間為11~20小時居多，且多數平均每月參加休閒活動花費為2001~4000元。進一步研究結果發現，鋼鐵業職工在工作壓力上最高為「組織管理-工作常有突發狀況」(M=3.64)、在職業倦怠上最高為「情緒管理-以公司的工作負擔而言，這樣的薪資令我感到挫折」(M=3.32)、在身心健康上最高為「心理健康-我覺得自己無法適應生活」(M=3.53)、而在休閒參與上以「娛樂休閒-上網行為、看電視」為最高(M=3.70)。經t檢定與單因子變異數分析結果顯示:在性別中工作壓力有顯著差異，男性大於女性；在年齡、職稱、服務年資及職場服務，在工作壓力、職業倦怠、身心健康及休閒參與皆達到顯著差異，經Scheffe事後比較發現，年齡55~65歲在工作壓力與職業倦怠最高，且在身心健康最不理想;職稱股長工作壓力最大、職員服務年資未滿一年休閒參與最低，且發現盛餘鋼鐵職工在工作壓力、職業倦怠及身心健康狀況較好，但中鴻鋼鐵休閒參與最高；在婚姻與休閒時間中身心健康及休閒參與皆有顯著差異，且已婚大於未婚；教育程度及參與休閒花費在工作壓力、職業倦怠及身心健康皆有顯著差異，經Scheffe事後比較發現，國高中以下大於其他教育程度，且休閒花費10001元以上，也發現碩士以上身心狀況較理想。經皮爾森積差相關分析結果顯示:工作壓力與職業倦怠具有高度正相關，且與身心健康具有中度負相關，另與休閒參與具有低度正相關;職業倦怠與身心健康具有高度負相關，且與休閒參與呈現正相關;身心健康與休閒參與具有低度負相關。由此可見休閒參與和工作壓力與職業倦怠具有正相關性，但對身心健康相關性較低，主要是鋼鐵業職工休閒參與以「上網行為、看電視」為主。本研究盼讓鋼鐵業職工暸解休閒參與、工作壓力、職業倦怠及身心健康之狀況，並可提供鋼鐵公司相關單位，壓力管理及推動促進健康和推廣休閒活動之參考，以降低工作壓力、減少職業倦怠感，促進其身心健康、進而提高工作品質與提升工作績效。

關鍵字

鋼鐵業；休閒參與；工作壓力；職業倦怠；身心健康

並列摘要

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the leisure participation of workers in the steel industry for work stress, burnout and physical and mental health, and to analyze the differences between different background variables. In this study, the questionnaire survey method was used to study the southern steel industry: Yulian Iron and Steel / Zhonghong Iron and Steel and Shengyu Iron and Steel. A total of 450 completed questionnaires were obtained. SPSS 18.0 for Windows was used to calculate descriptive statistics, t-test single-factor variance analysis, and Pearson product difference. Descriptive statistics show that the subjects of this study are mostly male, with an average age of 45-55 years old, mainly based on university education and mostly married. The job title is mostly staff and the service years are mostly more than ten years. In addition, the average weekly leisure activities are 11 to 20 hours, and most of the average monthly leisure activities cost 2001 to 4000 yuan. Further research found that the highest pressure on the work of the steel industry is "organizational management - work often has emergencies" (M = 3.64), and the highest in job burnout is "emotional management - in terms of the company's work burden, The salary makes me feel frustrated" (M=3.32), the highest mental and physical health is "mental health - I feel that I can't adapt to life" (M=3.53), and in the leisure participation, "entertainment and leisure - online behavior, see TV is the highest (M=3.70). The results of t-test and one-way ANOVA showed that there was a significant difference in work stress in gender, males were larger than females; in terms of age, professional title, service years and workplace services, work stress, burnout, physical and mental health and leisure participation were achieved. Significant differences, after Scheffe's post-hoc comparison, wre found that the age of 55 to 65 years old is the highest in work stress and burnout, and the most unsatisfactory in physical and mental health; the job title chief is the most stressful, the staff service is less than one year, the leisure participation is the lowest, and found Shengyu Steel employees have less work stress, burnout and better physical and mental health, but Zhonghong Steel has the highest leisure participation; there are significant differences in physical and mental health and leisure participation awong different marriage and leisure time, and married is greater than unmarried; education level and Participation in leisure expenses is significantly different in work stress, burnout and physical and mental health. After Scheffe's post-hoc comparison, it is found that the education level ower than senior high school has higher work stress and burnout level and those with higher education level than masters degree has better physical and meutal health. The results of Pearson's product correlation analysis showed that work stress was highly positively correlated with burnout, moderately negatively correlated with physical and mental health, and lowly positively correlated with leisure participation; burnout was highly negatively correlated with physical and mental health. And positively related to leisure participation; physical and mental health and leisure participation have a low negative correlation. This shows that leisure participation and work stress are positively correlated with burnout, but the correlation between physical and mental health is low, mainly because the employees of the steel industry participate in leisure activities such as “online behavior and watching TV”. This study hopes to let the steel industry employees understand the status of leisure participation, work stress, burnout and physical and mental health, and provide relevant information for steel company related units, stress management and promotion of health promotion and promotion of leisure activities to reduce work stress and reduce occupations. Burnouts, promote physical and mental health, and thus improve work quality and improve work performance.