高齡者社區健康促進資源利用態度、行為與影響因素---計畫行為理論應用

A Study on the Attitude、Behavior and Influencing factors Toward the Utilization of Community Based Health Promotion Resources in the Community Elderly ---Application of theory of planned behavior

陳玉桐(Yu-Tong Chen)

指導教授 ： 陳芬如

義守大學/醫學院/醫務管理學系/碩士(2016年)

摘要

研究目的
本研究依據Ajzen(1985)所提出的計畫行為理論(TPB)作為研究架構，本研究以人口特質、態度、主觀規範、知覺行為控制、行為意圖等這六個構面去探討高齡者參與健康促進活動的行為及因素。擬定兩個研究目的為:(一)探討高齡者對社區健康促進資源的認知、利用意願以及參與情形；(二)探討人口學特性、態度、主觀規範、與知覺行為控制對高齡者社區健康促進資源參與的影響。
材料與方法
研究方法採用橫斷式量性的研究，以結構式問卷進行便利抽樣的方式來蒐集研究資料，本研究受試者之選樣條件包含:(一)居住高雄化(二)年齡65歲(含)以上之高齡者(三)認知清楚及表達能力清楚者，無法識字者或解讀題意者，由家人或是協助者協助完成問卷，有效問卷450份。分析方法包括描述性統計、皮爾森積差相關(Pearson)、獨立樣本T檢定、卡方檢定(Chi-square Test)、羅吉斯(Logistic)迴歸分析法。
研究結果
研究結果顯示:(一)不同年齡群組、性別、教育程度、經濟狀況、婚姻狀態、與自覺健康狀況在活動的經驗皆有顯著性的差異。(二)有參加經驗者對活動的知覺行為控制顯著高於無參與經驗者(P=0.001);有參加經驗者對活動行為意圖顯著高於無參與經驗者(P=0.001)。(三)態度、主觀規範、與知覺行為控制三個構面與行為意圖皆呈統計顯著正相關，相關係數分別為0.673、0.398、0.764。(四)以羅吉斯迴歸探討影響社區健康促進活動參與的影響因子，結果為男性較女性參與度低、喪偶狀態者較已婚者參與經驗低；社區健康活動參與者於態度與知覺行為控制高於未參與者，Odds ratio 分別為0.446、0.338、2.101、3.824。
研究結論及建議
舉辦機構應加強推廣活動之訊息，並針對社區高齡者之阻礙及相關參與因素進行調整活動之內容，政府應擔任推動及監督角色，加強社區高齡者對健康促進活動的態度，使健康促進活動普遍化，進而提升社區高齡者的健康為目的。

關鍵字

社區健康促進活動 ； 計畫行為理論 ； 高齡者

並列摘要

The propose
The structure of this research was basic on Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)which was proposed by Ajzen in 1985. The framework included that population characteristics, Attitude towards the Behavior, Subjective Norm, Perceived Behavioral Control and Behavioral Intentions were utilized to discuss the relationship between elder behavior and affect when they participated the activities of health promotion. The first propose was how thinking and willing of aged people influence them to participate the activities of health promotion. The second propose was how population characteristics, attitude, Subjective norms and perceived behavioral control effect the participation rate of aged people for health promotion’s activities in community.
Material and method
This is a Cross – sectional survey and quantity research which was utilized structured questionnaires to carry on and sampled randomly for collecting information.
This examination has three Requirements. Firstly, aged people should live in Kaohsiung. Secondly, the age should be elder than 65 years old or equal to 65 years old. Finally, when the conscious of aged people are clear but cannot read or write, families or assistants could help them to finish the questionnaire. As a result, 450 effective questionnaires were completed. Moreover, analytical methods included that descriptive statistics, Pearson product-moment correlation-coefficient, independent-samples t test, chi-square test and logistic regression were utilized.
Result
First, there are significant differences between different age groups, gender, education level, economic status, marital status, perceived health status and past experience in all the activities. Secondly, Perceived Behavioral Control is significantly higher in persons who have participated in the activities compared to those persons who have not participated (P=0.001); additionally, Behavioral Intention is significantly higher in persons who have participated in past activities compared to those who have not participated (P=0.001). Thirdly, the three facts Attitude, Subjective Norm, and Perceived Behavioral Control have a statistically significant positive correlation with Behavioral Intentions with correlation coefficients being 0.673、0.398 and 0.764 respectively. Fourthly, logical regression formula was used to investigate the regarding community participation in health promotion activities effect on participation rate; the result is a low degree of involvement in men than women, and a low participation rate in widowed persons compared to married persons; finally, participants of community health activities have attitudes and perceived behavioral control that are higher than persons who are not participants with odds ratios of 0.446、0.338、2.101 and 3.824 respectively.
Conclusion and suggestion
In conclusion, it is necessary for not only popularizing the elder activity in community, but also adjusting the content of activity for aged people’s demand. Also, government needs to advance and supervise those activities for increasing participation rate and popularizing activities of health promotion. Therefore, the health of aged people in community could be advanced.

並列關鍵字

Community based health promotion activities ； Theory of Planned Behavior ； Aged people

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