探討民眾對於新新型冠狀病毒預防行為與焦慮相關因素

Preventive Behavior and Anxiety of the Public During COVID-19 Pandemic

李思穎(Sih-Ying Li)

指導教授 ： 丘周萍

義守大學/醫學院/護理學系/碩士(2022年)

摘要

背景:於2019年末爆發了新型呼吸道傳染病「新型冠狀病毒」，疫情來的快速令人民防不勝防，同時也改變了民眾生活方式，民眾因擔憂染疫的風險而選擇不外出，在社交的隔離期間也增加了內心的焦慮，此次疫情事件影響人們的內心與心理的壓力，因害怕染疫而配合政府宣達的預防行為，是此次疫情預防擴散相當重要的關鍵點。
目的:本篇研究目的為探討高雄市某社區民眾的基本屬性、健康握控、預防行為、與焦慮之相關，最主要為探討民眾對於新冠肺炎焦慮的影響因子。
方法:共收案199位民眾，使用健康內外控量表、新型冠狀病毒預防行為量表、貝克焦慮量表及基本人口學資料。資料應用SPSS/Windows v.26.0進行分析，以獨立樣本t檢定、皮爾森積差相關及線性複迴歸統計分析。
結果:教育程度與焦慮具有顯著負相關(r= -.376, p<. 01);預防行為與焦慮具有顯著負相關(r=-.232, p< .05);健康握控與焦慮具有顯著正相關(r=.283, p<. 05)。迴歸結果顯示，影響焦慮之最重要之因素為「年齡」、「教育程度」、「疫苗施打」、「健康握控」、「預防行為」，且可顯著預測焦慮28%變異量。年齡越小，焦慮程度越高;教育程度越低，焦慮程度越高；已施打疫苗，焦慮程度越高；健康內外控越外控；焦慮程度越高;預防行為越差，焦慮程度越高。
結論/對臨床的影響: 針對此次疫情提出以下意見:(一)建議衛生單位可針對弱勢族群較多地區，進行衛生教育與防疫知識及預防行為的再加強；(二)建議衛生單位可增設衛教場所與場次，鼓勵當地的民眾參與；(三)建議教育部可將傳染病防治課程列入課綱，以便相關教材發展；(四)建議可將疫苗施打資訊張貼於藥局或診間，讓資訊更加透明化；(五)建議衛生單位可製作線上課程進行防疫宣導。

關鍵字

新冠肺炎 ； 健康握控 ； 預防行為 ； 焦慮

並列摘要

Background: The outbreak of a novel respiratory disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), occurred in 2019. The rapid spread of the infection leading to the pandemic caught many people unaware and has changed the lifestyle habits of the public. People chose to stay at home due to the fear of becoming infected, and social isolation increased their anxiety. This pandemic has affected the mental and psychological state of individuals. Following government-mandated preventive measures to avoid infection is the key to preventing the further spread of the pandemic.
Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the correlation between general characteristics, health locus of control , preventive behavior, and anxiety among the residents of a community in Kaohsiung and examine the factors of anxiety about COVID-19 among the general population.
Methods: In this study, 199 participants were included, and the health locus of control scale, COVID-19 Preventive Behavior scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and general demographic information questionnaire were administered. SPSS/Windows v.26.0 was used for data analysis. Independent sample t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression were used for statistical analyses.
Results: Education level showed a significant negative correlation (r = −.376, p < .01) with anxiety; preventive behavior showed a significant negative correlation (r = −.232, p < .05) with anxiety; health locus of control showed a significant positive correlation (r = .283, p < .05) with anxiety. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that the important factors affecting anxiety were age, education level, vaccination status, health locus of control , and adherence to preventive behaviors; these could significantly predict 28% of variation for anxiety. The less the age, the higher is the level of anxiety. Similarly, the lower the education level, the higher is the level of anxiety. Anxiety levels were high among vaccinated participants. The higher the score for external control on the Internal–External Locus of Control scale, the higher is the anxiety level. Finally, the lower the adherence to preventive behaviors, the higher is the anxiety level.
Conclusion/clinical impact: The following suggestions are proposed for this pandemic: (1) Health authorities can perform health education to strengthen knowledge on epidemic control and preventive behavior for regions with a large vulnerable population. (2) Health authorities can increase the number and frequency of health education sites and encourage local residents to participate. (3) The Ministry of Education should include infectious diseases control courses in the education curriculum to facilitate the development of related educational materials. (4) Vaccination information posters must be put up in pharmacies or clinics so that information is more easily accessible. (5) Health authorities can prepare online courses to advocate epidemic control measures.

並列關鍵字

COVID-19 ； health control ； preventive behavior ； anxiety

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