碎形中性景觀模型之滲透閾值

景觀生態學應用滲透理論與中性景觀模型，嘗試建立參考架構，探討景觀連接度與棲地面積比之關係，以理解棲地零碎化之滲透閾值現象。　　目前有關景觀滲透閾值之研究，大都採用簡單隨機地圖且僅能模擬低物種遷移能力。在這樣的條件下取得少量的數據，不足以涵蓋整個閾值空間的變化，使得滲透閾值之應用受到很大的侷限。本研究採用碎形中性景觀模型，可以模擬從簡單隨機地圖到各種不同聚集度較接近真實景觀格局的隨機地圖。同時採用兩段式相鄰規則來模擬物種遷移能力，使得各種不同物種跨越非生境細胞的能力，都可以獲得充分的考量。　　本研究除計算傳統的滲透閾值外，亦導入滲透閾帶的觀念。研究結果顯示，在聚集度H < 0的情況，其形成連通群集概率曲線，呈現步階函數形式，故可計算其滲透閾值進行探討。而在聚集度H ≥ 0的情況，其形成連通群集概率曲線，呈現明顯的S型，不能以步階函數來表示，必需以滲透閾帶來描述。在景觀滲透閾值的數據空間中，本研究首度取得了完整的數據。從過去文獻中只有約10個點的個別數據，擴增為系統性涵蓋整個閾值空間的170個數據點。彌補了滲透理論與中性景觀模型自1980年代結合以來，長期未能取得的數據空缺。本研究之成果，釐清了景觀滲透閾值在理論上的模糊地帶，對於景觀零碎化現象可提供新的思考空間與量化的立論依據。在實務上亦可做為景觀規劃、生態復育與去零碎化策略之參考。

關鍵字

景觀零碎化；中性景觀模型；碎形地圖；相鄰規則；物種遷移能力；滲透閾值；滲透閾帶

並列摘要

Landscape ecology has applied percolation theory and neutral landscape models, trying to establish a frame of reference and exploring relationships between landscape connectivity and proportion of habitat, in order to understand percolation threshold phenomenon of habitat fragmentation. 　　Current research related to the percolation threshold of landscape, mostly uses simple random maps and consider only a limited species movement ability. Under such conditions only a small amount of data is collected, not sufficiently covering the variations in the threshold space, making the application of the percolation thresholds very much restricted. In this study, fractal neutral landscape model is adopted that can simulate from simple random maps to those maps with a variety of different degree of landscape contagion which are closer to the real landscape pattern. While using two-stage neighbor rules to simulate species movement ability, making the ability of different species crossing non-habitat cells can get full consideration. In this study, in addition to the calculation of the traditional percolation thresholds, the notion of percolation zones is introduced. The results show that in the contagion H < 0 case, the spanning cluster probability curves are step function type, so the percolation thresholds are calculated and discussed. In the case of contagion H ≥ 0, the spanning cluster probability curves showed significant S-type which cannot be expressed in step functions, so it is necessary to describe as percolation zones. 　　This study for the first time computed a complete set of data in the landscape percolation data space. In the published literature, only about 10 points of data reported, it is now increased to 170 data points covering the whole threshold space. It makes up the long-term data vacancy since the link between percolation theory and neutral landscape models in the 1980s. 　　Results of this study, clarify the grey area of landscape percolation thresholds in theory. For landscape fragmentation phenomenon, it provides a new space to think with a quantified argument basis. In practice it can also serve as a reference for landscape planning, ecological restoration and defragmentation strategy.

並列關鍵字

Habitat Fragmentation ； Neutral Landscape Models ； Fractal Maps ； Neighbor Rules ； Species Movement Ability ； Percolation Threshold ； Percolation Zone

參考文獻

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25.Frate, L. and Carranza, M.L., "Quantifying Landscape- Scale Patterns of Temperate Forests over Time by Means of Neutral Simulation Models," Journal of Geo- Information, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 94-109, 2013.

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碎形中性景觀模型之滲透閾值

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