中性景觀模型地圖大小與形狀比對滲透閾值之影響

景觀中未被干擾的生境綴塊因各種人類土地使用而縮小分裂，造成棲地零碎化現象。景觀中原本完整的棲地被切割成較小的綴塊，使景觀連接度大為降低，阻礙了物種間的移動交流，導致生物多樣性喪失與物種滅絕危機。景觀生態學應用滲透理論與中性景觀模型，嘗試建立參考架構，探討景觀連接度與棲地面積之關係，以理解棲地零碎化之滲透閾值現象。目前有關景觀滲透閾值之研究，大都假設棲地面積為無限大且棲地形狀為正方形進行計算，尚缺乏對有限面積以及不同形狀比之情況進行有系統的探討。本研究使用滲透閾值數值分析軟體Path進行數值模擬，導入各種不同面積大小與形狀比的隨機地圖，計算求得各種遷移能力物種所需的滲透閾值。研究結果顯示，在有限面積情況下，棲地面積比應選擇P90或P99，取代傳統滲透閾值Pc，可較合理估計有限面積之滲透閾值避免造成低估情況。有關形狀比對滲透閾值之影響，本研究發現滲透閾值之差異程度隨形狀比增加而變大，差異比值隨物種遷移能力增加而增加，物種跨越縱向狹長形景觀較為不利。本研究擴大了吾人對中性景觀滲透閾值現象之理解與掌握，研究成果可做為生態保育與棲地復育之參考。

關鍵字

中性景觀模型；滲透閾值；景觀連接度；相鄰規則；物種遷移能力；棲地形狀比；景觀零碎化

並列摘要

Because of various land uses by human, undisturbed habitat patches are reduced and splited in landscape and resulting in the habitat fragmentation. Landscape connectivity was reduced greatly by dissecting previously large patches into smaller ones. Hindering movements of species cause biodiversity loss and population extinction crisis. Landscape ecologists applying percolation theory and neutral models try to establish a reference baseline, to explore the relationship between landscape connectivity and amounts of habitat, and to understand the percolation threshold phenomenon of habitat fragmentation. Current researches on the computations of landscape percolation threshold mostly are based on infinite area and square aspect ratio. Systematic investigations against limited areas and other aspect ratios are not found. In this study, we compute percolation thresholds with various species movement ability on maps with a variety of sizes and aspect ratios by a percolation threshold analysis software Path. The results show that the habitat area ratio of P90 or P99 should be selected to replace the traditional percolation threshold Pc in the limited area situations. Therefore, it can estimate thresholds more reasonably under limited areas to avoid underestimations. About the aspect ratio on the percolation thresholds, this study found that the deviations of percolation thresholds are increased with larger aspect ratios and the deviation ratios are increased with larger species movement ability. This study extends our understanding of the percolation threshold phenomenon on neutral landscapes. The results can be used as an reference baseline in ecological conservation and habitat restoration.

並列關鍵字

Neutral Landscape Models ； Percolation Threshold ； Landscape Connectivity ； Neighbor Rules ； Species Movement Ability ； Aspect Ratio of Habitats ； Landscape Fragmentation

參考文獻

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中性景觀模型地圖大小與形狀比對滲透閾值之影響

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