景觀生態規劃方案評選模式研究-分析階層程序(AHP)法應用

傳統之規劃準則法(Planning Criteria Method)係使用相關規劃準則以評比規劃提案，對每一項規劃準則給予分數，最後加總各項得分作為整體分數為排序的依據，此方法簡單易操作，但規劃準則缺乏權重值的考量，極可能導致評價結果不夠精確。分析階層程序(Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP)法係美國匹茲堡大學教授沙提(Thomas L. Saaty)於1971年首創，此法係將繁雜問題系統簡化成明確之元素系統，在分析過程中，以特徵向量代表階層中某層次各元素間之優先率，再求出特徵值，作為評定以名目尺度執行的對偶比較矩陣其一致性強弱程度之依據。若符合一致性，則特徵向量所代表的優先率，便是作為決策或評選之依據。本文利用分析階層程序(AHP)法探討景觀生態規劃方案之評選模式，結果顯示景觀生態規劃方案評估架構五個構面權重依次為「嵌塊體數量適宜性」＞「嵌塊體大小適宜性」＞「廊道、連接度及網路系統適宜性」＞「嵌塊體形狀適宜性」＞「邊緣適宜性」，此模式可提供決策者客觀評選出較優之景觀生態規劃方案。

關鍵字

景觀生態；方案評選； AHP模式

並列摘要

Traditional Planning Criteria Method uses relational planning criteria to evaluate planning projects. It generally makes a score to each planning criterion and lists the order of different projects according to its total scores. That method is easy to operate. But on account of lacking weights consideration, the result will not objectively be accurate. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model was first established by Thomas L. Saaty in 1971. This method changes complex system into several simple element systems. During analytic process, it also uses eigen vector on behalf of priority of each element. If the result is in accordance with consistency, then the priority of several evaluation items can be determined on the basis of eigen value. The paper showed that five importance structural levels of the evaluative model of landscape ecological planning project according to the AHP method were in sequence ＂the suitability of number of patches＂, ＂the suitability of patch size＂, ＂the suitability of corridor, connectivity and the network system＂, ＂the suitability of patch shape＂, and ＂the suitability of edge＂. By this way, the superior can more objectively evaluate projects of landscape ecological planning and make decision.