季節性翻騰對水庫水質及微生物多樣性的影響:以臺灣曾文水庫為例

Seasonal overturn effects on water quality and microbial diversity at Tseng-Wen reservoir, Taiwan

羅宜廷(Yi-Ting Lo)

指導教授 ： 廖健森

義守大學/理工學院/土木與生態工程學系/碩士(2018年)

摘要

水為人類賴以維生的重要資源，而在臺灣降雨大多集中於夏季，雨量分布極度不均，且臺灣的地勢崎嶇，河川溪流多短且湍急，所以在臺灣水資源的保存是一個重要的議題。在不同地區湖水及水庫等大型水體會因季節溫度的變化，造成水體中水層的移動，在上下水層的循環過程稱之為季節性翻騰。然而，在全球氣候變遷造成的溫室效應影響下，使得原本在正常的季節性水體水溫變化，產生影響。此影響會使原本集水區生態系的結構變化，並且影響在水庫的水質及水體微生物族群結構分佈的變化及分佈情形。有鑒於此，本研究於2015年11月20日至2016年08月17日間進行監測及試驗，分為冬、春及夏季三季，以全臺灣面積及蓄水量最大的曾文水庫作為研究對象，研究在不同季節的降雨、水溫及氣溫對水體水質的變化影響。之後再利用落葉分解試驗探討在不同季節、水層的相互關係及作用，並比較各項研究參數數據的相互關係，藉以了解在氣候變遷的影響下對大型水體中季節性翻騰的影響及變化。研究結果顯示，冬季時水庫處於枯水期營養物質逐漸濃縮攀升，但因為氣溫水溫較低微生物的活性相對也較低。春季時水庫進入季節性翻騰的季節，此時，水體的營養物質逐漸變得均勻，微生物活性及菌群結構分析皆較為平均，夏季時因雨量豐沛，營養物質的輸入也逐漸攀升，且水溫及氣溫較高，水體也逐漸產生分層，形成上水層活性及落葉分解速率高於下水層的現象，此研究成果可提供水庫集水區在未來水質管理工作業上，提供參考。

關鍵字

季節性翻騰 ； 曾文水庫 ； 水質分析 ； 微生物活性 ； 微生物多樣性

並列摘要

Water is an important resource for mankind's subsistence, in Taiwan rainfall mostly concentrated in the summer, the rainfall distribution is extremely uneven, and the terrain in Taiwan is rugged, the river stream is short and rushing, therefore, the store of water resources in Taiwan is an important issue. In different regions lakes and reservoirs large water bodies such will change due to seasonal temperature. causing movement of the large water bodies such aqueous layer, circulation process in the epilimnion and hypolimnion water layers is called seasonal overturn, however, under the influence of the greenhouse effect caused by global climate change, making original seasonal water temperature change in normal, have an impact. This effect will change the structure of the original catchment ecosystem. Affects the reservoir's water quality and change the microbial populations in the water. In view of this, this investigative well experiment in November 20, 2015 to August 17, 2016, divided into winter、spring and summer three seasons, use the Tseng-Wen reservoir which has the largest area and water storage capacity in Taiwan, is the subject of research. research the effects of rainfall、water temperature and temperature on water quality changes in different seasons and use the defoliation decomposition test to explore the relationship role of water layers in different seasons, to compare the various data and parameters relationship between, understand the impact and changes of seasonal overturn in large water bodies to influence of climate change. research shows in winter, when the reservoir is in the dry season, the nutrients gradually concentrate and climb, but the temperature of the water is lower and the activity of the microorganisms is relatively lower, in the spring, the reservoir enters the season of seasonal overturn, this moment, the water nutrients gradually become uniform, microbial activity and bacterial structure analysis were relatively average, in summer, harvest to the abundant rainfall, the input of nutrients well gradually increased, and the water temperature are high, and the water body is also gradually stratified, becoming to epilimnion water layer activity and deciduous decomposition rate is higher than that of the hypolimnion water layer, the results of this research in the future, well can provide reservoir catchment area and water quality management work, to reference.

並列關鍵字

Turnover ； Tseng-Wen Reservoir ； Water Quality Analysis ； Microbial Activity ； Microbial Diversity

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