職場友誼與組織公民行為之關係及其調節變項之探討

職場友誼的形成，面臨著朋友和同事的雙重角色衝突，友誼關係是否會影響個人績效，進而影響組織整體績效是值得加以探究之議題。此外，企業組織為適應環境激烈的競爭，組織需要結合團隊的力量與智慧，激勵員工並促使其願意替組織貢獻所長，以補填組織規範及制度設計之不足，使其成為企業成長的動能，儼然是值得關切之議題，實值探討。基於組織公民行為逐漸為組織行為學及人力資源管理研究者關心的重要主題，本研究主要探討員工之間職場友誼對於組織公民行為之影響。然而，在現有的文獻中，針對職場友誼與組織公民行為的關係之研究仍屬少數，其知識領域應可開發，因此這兩種關係值得作為研究。就職場友誼特性，員工發展職場友誼會增進員工彼此之間的情感，有利於提升組織公民行為，也會使員工在工作上有正面的情緒，提升員工願意與組織共存共榮的想法。本研究也討論組織公正與政治技能是否在職場友誼與組織公民行為間扮演調節角色。因此，本研究採用問卷調查法，針對各學者研究發展之相關議題量表進行探索，藉由蒐集服務於各產業之企業人士為研究母群體，共發出550份正式問卷，回收482份問卷，回收率為87.6%，作為資料處理之基礎。正式問卷回收後分別以描述性統計、因素分析、信度分析、相關分析與層級迴歸等方法進行統計分析。結果指出：(1) 職場友誼對組織公民行為具有顯著的正向影響；(2) 組織公正在職場友誼對組織公民行為的影響具有部份調節之效果；(3) 政治技能在職場友誼對組織公民行為的影響具有部份調節之效果。本研究於最後彙整研究結果與結論作一討論，且說明研究貢獻及限制，並分析其在學術與實務管理意涵，盼能有效提供企業管理者推行之參考及未來研究者之參閱。

關鍵字

職場友誼；組織公正；政治技能；組織公民行為

並列摘要

The formation of workplace friendship faces the conflict from the dual role of both friend and colleague relationship. Whether friendship affects personal performanceand futher influences orgnaizaitonal performance or not is a valuable study topic. Moreover, in order to survive in the keen competition, enterprises need to integrate teams’ strength and intelligent, encourage the employees to contribute themselves, strengthen the weakness of specification and design system for making dynamic motivation in growth, which is also a discussible issue. Since the organizational citizenship behavior becomes an important topic concerned by the OB and HRM researchers, the study focuses on how the workplace friendship affecting the organizational citizenship behavior. However, there’s only few study of the relationship between the workplace friendship and the organizational citizenship behavior. The knowledge of their relationship is under developement. Based on the features of workplace friendship, employees make workplace friendship will help performing the organizational citizenship behavior, increase positive emotion, and promote their willing to grow with the organization. The study introduced organizational justice and political skill as moderators and analyzed its moderating effect on the relationship of workplace friendships and organizational citizenship behavior. This study collected 482 data from corporate employees via questionnaire. The valid response rate was 87.6%. SPSS software was used in descriptive statistics analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis during research. The results showed: (1) workplace friendships had a significant positive impact on organizational citizenship behavior; (2) the organizational justice partially moderated the relationship between workplace friendships and organizational citizenship behavior; (3) the political skill partially moderated the relationship between workplace friendships and organizational citizenship behavior. Finally, some suggestions based on the findings were offered as reference for practitioners and further researchers.