學齡前兒童零食攝取現況與體位狀況之關係

The Relationship between Snack Intake of Preschool Children and Anthropometric Status

陳禎惠(Zhen-Hui Chen)

指導教授 ： 嚴金恩

朝陽科技大學/人文暨社會學院/幼兒保育系/碩士(2012年)

摘要

研究背景：台灣消費型態改變後，零食成為許多人飲食的首選。零食在加工過程中為了增加口味與口感，會添加許多食品添加物，這些食品添加物可能會引起過動、情緒暴躁的現象，此外，攝取零食會增加熱量攝取，提升肥胖的發生。國外目前已有許多關於學齡前兒童攝取零食的研究，國內則未被廣泛調查，因此本研究欲瞭解學齡前兒童攝取零食的現況以及學齡前兒童攝取零食習慣與體位之關係。研究方法：本研究以隨機方式抽取大台中地區五所帅托機構3到6歲的學齡前兒童進行調查，由家長或主要照顧者填寫問卷；測量體位狀況，並收集24小時飲食記錄。研究結果：共有165位學齡前兒童參與本研究，其中有89％的學齡前兒童帄日有攝取零食的習慣；學齡前兒童喜愛攝取的零食排行前三名為海苔（83％）、餅乾與布丁（81％）、乳酸飲料（76％）；有攝取零食習慣的學齡前兒童鈉攝取量顯著高於無攝取零食習慣的學齡前兒童；所有受測者體重過重、肥胖的比例分別為13％和12％；學齡前兒童攝取零食習慣與體位的狀況，無統計上顯著相關。結論：本研究結果發現學齡前兒童普遍有攝取零食習慣，家長與照顧者帄日應以新鮮、天然的食物取代高糖、高鹽、高油脂、高熱量、低營養價值的食物，並建立學齡前兒童良好飲食習慣，共同維護學齡前兒童健康發展。

關鍵字

肥胖 ； 學齡前兒童 ； 零食 ； 身體質量指數

並列摘要

Background: Because of changes in consumption patterns, snacks have become the first dietary choice for many people in Taiwan. During food processing, snacks usually receive numerous food additives to improve the flavor. These food additives might cause hyperactivity and irritable temper. In addition, snack intake increases caloric consumption and raises the probability of obesity. In other countries, previous studies have investigated the snack intake of preschool children; however, few studies have assessed the snack intake of preschool children in Taiwan. Therefore, the aim of this study was to understand the current snack intake of preschool children and the relationship between snack intake habits and body composition among preschool children in Taiwan. Methods: In this study, preschool children (aged 3~6 years) from 5 child care centers in the Taichung area were randomly selected. Questionnaires were completed by the children’s parents and caregivers. We measured the body composition and collected the 24-hour recall of the preschool children. Results: A total of 165 preschool children participated in this study. Among them, 89 % exhibited snack intake habits. The top 3 most favorite snacks were seaweed (83%), biscuits and pudding (81%), and lactic acid beverages (76%). The sodium intake of the preschool children who exhibited snack intake habits was significantly higher than those who exhibited no snack intake habits. The prevalence of being overweight and obesity was 13% and 12% respectively in
III
participating children. However, the snack intake habits had no statistically significant correlation with body composition. Conclusions: The results indicated that the preschool children generally exhibited snack intake habits. Parents and caregivers should provide children with fresh and natural foods instead of high-sugar, high-salt, high-calorie, and low-nutritional value foods. Parents and caregivers should establish more favorable eating habits in preschool children to maintain healthy development.

並列關鍵字

snacks ； preschool children ； obesity ； body mass index

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