低密度住宅社區戶外熱環境之研究─以台中市七期住宅社區為例

A Study of Outdoor Thermal Environment in Low-Density Residential Community─Using A Residential Community in the 7th Re-planning District in Taichung City as An Example

林俊毅(Chun-Yi Lin)

指導教授 ： 沈永堂

朝陽科技大學/設計學院/建築及都市設計研究所/碩士(2010年)

摘要

在迅速擴張的都市中，住宅用地的開發為都市發展中重要的一環。根據近幾年劃定之都市規劃區或重劃區都朝向低密度住宅社區做為開發方向，歸究於都市居民開始重視住家戶外活動空間，而低密度住宅社區剛好有此空間特性。另外，民眾在進行戶外活動時會考量熱舒適性的問題，評斷是否要外出，但就國內相關研究顯示，民眾對於居住環境中室內熱環境問題較戶外來的重視，忽略了戶外熱環境的變化會影響室內能源的使用率，若戶外熱環境產生惡劣變化，會降低民眾外出活動的意願，使民眾長時間處於室內空間。故本研究將以微氣候空間尺度探討低密度住宅社區中東西軸向與南北軸向戶外空間的熱環境問題，利用實地量測與電腦模擬方式探討兩種不同軸向戶外空間所產生的熱舒適變化，量測項目有空氣溫度、濕度、黑球溫度、鋪面溫度和風速五種影響因子，測得後的數據透過MRT( Mean Radiant Temperature)平均輻射溫度評估兩種軸向戶外空間何者熱環境較為舒適。
研究結果發現，在冬季時南北軸向戶外空間的MRT 平均輻射溫度為44.9℃，東西軸向戶外空間的MRT 平均輻射溫度為27.5℃；夏季時南北軸向戶外空間的MRT 平均輻射溫度為46.3℃，東西軸向戶外空間的MRT 平均輻射溫度為39.2℃，顯示出南北軸向戶外空間的熱舒適變化在冬、夏季時偏高東西軸向戶外空間各為17.4℃與7.1℃，故南北軸向戶外空間的熱舒適變化不論在冬季或夏季時較東西軸向戶外空間來的差。另外，陰影變化對於戶外熱環境有其重要性，當太陽直射時會造成區域中空氣溫度、黑球溫度和鋪面溫度三種影響因子上升，若要提升戶外熱環境的舒適性則要阻隔太陽輻射熱問題。

關鍵字

南北軸向戶外空間 ； 熱舒適 ； MRT ； 東西軸向戶外空間 ； 戶外熱環境

並列摘要

In a rapidly expanding city, the development of residential land forms one of the most important parts of urban development. There is a trend towards low-density residential communities in the development of urban planning areas or readjustment areas designated in recent years. This is because city residents have started to pay more attention to outdoor spaces at home, and low-density
residential communities happen to possess the spatial characteristics. Additionally, people usually consider thermal comfort when they decide whether to conduct outdoor activities or not. However, domestic research shows that people pay more attention to indoor than outdoor thermal comfort in their living environment, overlooking the fact that the change of an outdoor thermal
environment will also affect the frequency of indoor energy consumption. If an outdoor thermal environment deteriorates, people’s willingness to go out will reduce, resulting in a longer stay inside the house. This study aims to explore the thermal environment of outdoor spaces situated in the east-west and north-south directions in low-density residential communities by means of micro-climate spatial scale. Field measurements and computer simulations were deployed to treat the change of thermal comfort of the outdoor spaces in the two directions.
Five factors were measured, including: air temperature, humidity, globe temperature, pavement temperature and wind speed. Then through MRT the data were used to assess which thermal environment is more comfortable.
According to the research, the MRT of the north-south direction outdoor is 44.9℃ in winter, and the east-west direction is 27.5℃. In summer, the MRT of the north-south direction outdoor is 46.3℃ and the east-west direction outdoor is 39.2℃. It Shows the temperature of the north-south direction outdoor in winter and summer is 17.4℃and 7.1℃ higher than the temperature of the east-west direction outdoor. So that outdoor spaces in the north-south direction have worse thermal comfort than in the east-west directions, both in winter and summer. In addition, the shadow change has its importance regarding the outdoor thermal environment. When the vertical solar rays the region, it will cause the air temperature, black globe temperature and pavement temperature and rise up these three influencing factors. If like to enhance the comfort of outdoor thermal environment, we will have to block heat problem from the solar radiation.

並列關鍵字

Thermal Comfort ； MRT ； East-West Direction Outdoor ； Outdoor Thermal Environment ； North-South Direction Outdoor

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