生物基因序列之資訊隱藏方法

Information Hiding Schemes Applied to Biological Gene Sequences

廖湘如(Siang-ru Liao)

指導教授 ： 呂慈純

朝陽科技大學/資訊學院/資訊管理系/碩士(2010年)

摘要

隨著人類基因圖譜的解密，能夠擁有屬於自己獨一無二的DNA圖譜，已不再是夢想，而基因方面相關研究也如火如荼沒有停歇的發展著，由於基因圖譜的解密，以往無法預測的病變已從ㄧ無所知到可以事先預防。在生物科技方面的應用也相當廣泛，像是疾病的診斷、疫苗製造、組織再生及親子鑑定等，隨著應用的多元化，使用基因序列進行資訊隱藏儼然成為ㄧ門新興的研究議題。
本論文提出生物基因序列之資訊隱藏方法，有別於一般常見數位媒介(像是文字、圖像、視訊及聲音等)，本論文使用去氧核醣核酸(DNA)序列作為資訊傳輸媒介。由於人類基因約由30億個核苷酸所構成，如此龐大數量且組成有ㄧ定規則的DNA序列，相當適合拿來作為資訊隱藏的傳輸媒介。
目前有學者嘗試在尚未轉錄的DNA序列或是RNA還沒進行轉譯的序列中藏入機密訊息，但是如果直接將二元機密訊息做置換嵌入，其嵌入量不甚理想。因此本研究提出二個有效的資訊隱藏技術，第一種方法是利用DNA序列轉錄形成RNA，RNA再轉譯為蛋白質的過程，搭配以無失真壓縮技術將機密訊息進行嵌入，以提昇資訊嵌入量。由於前一種方法只能取回機密資訊無法還原回原始DNA序列，因此第二種方法提出一個以雙基因序列為基礎的可恢復式資訊隱藏方法，利用基因中DNA轉錄成為RNA時的特性，搭配循環配對及雙影像概念，達到不需額外資訊即可取出及還原DNA序列的目的。實驗結果證明本論文所提方法資訊藏量相當不錯。

關鍵字

去氧核醣核酸 ； 核醣核酸 ； 資訊隱藏 ； 雙影像 ； 變動長度編碼法 ； 生物基因 ； 可恢復式資訊隱藏

並列摘要

DNA sequence has also been widely applied in many applications, such as disease diagnosis, vaccine manufacturing, tissue regeneration, parentage analysis and so on. One of the popular applications uses DNA sequence as a cover media in the information hiding procedures.
Different from the common digital media (such as text, image, video, sound, etc.), this thesis exploits Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid (DNA) sequence as an information transmission medium. Because a human genome is composed of 3 billion nucleotides, it is quite suitable to be taken as the transmission medium of the hidden information.
Some scholars tried to embed the secret information into non-transcripted DNA sequence or non-translated Ribo Nuncleic Acid (RNA) sequence. However, the hiding capacities of their schemes are low. Hence, this thesis proposes two effective information hiding schemes, the first scheme exploits the characteristic of DNA to hide secret message. In addition, the proposed scheme adopts the concept of a lossless compression technology in the first scheme to increase the hiding capacity. The first scheme is a lossy hiding scheme, which can not recover the original DNA sequence back. Hence, we propose another reversible data hiding scheme based on dual-gene sequences. The scheme uses the characteristics of DNA sequence, cycle pair and the concept of dual-image to achieve the ability of the reversible hiding. The proposed scheme can extract the embedded message and restore the original sequence. The experimental result shows that the proposed schemes can enhance the hiding capacity.

並列關鍵字

Run-length Encoding ； Biological Gene ； Ribo Nuncleic Acid ； Dual Images ； Information Hiding ； Reversible Hiding ； Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid

參考文獻

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