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  • 學位論文

智慧資本、效率與生產力- ECFA早收與非早收名單產業在ECFA實施前後之差異比較

Intellectual Capital, Efficiency and Productivity – The Comparison of ECFA Early and Non - Early Harvest List Industries between the Execution of Pre- and Post- ECFA

指導教授 : 劉定焜
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摘要


在知識經濟時代來臨的競爭環境下,企業的價值來源已由以往傳統的土地、資金、廠房等有形資產,轉變為以智慧資本為主體的無形資產,學術界與企業界更以智慧資本衡量企業的價值、發展潛力與競爭力,故智慧資本的創造、累積與管理已成為企業獲取競爭優勢之關鍵。 隨著全球經濟自由化,台灣的經濟發展高度仰賴對外貿易,且台灣在全球經貿表現有目共睹,如依據2015年瑞士「洛桑國際管理發展學院」 (IMD, International Institute for Management Development) 的《世界競爭力年報》(WCY, World Competitiveness Yearbook),整體競爭力表現在全球排名第11位,在亞太地區排名第3位。而台灣在近年來面臨全球區域經濟整合的浪潮,但卻因國際政治處境特殊,我國的對外貿易已遭到他國區域貿易協定排擠,處於不利的競爭地位,對台灣經貿造成一定的衝擊。但在兩岸於2010年6月29日完成洽簽經濟合作架構協議(Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement, 以下簡稱ECFA),並於同年9月12日正式生效後,已開啓台灣與其他重要貿易夥伴的經濟整合之門,為台灣經濟前景創造新的契機。然而,台灣ECFA早收與非早收名單產業在ECFA實施過程中,是否能透過經濟合作架構協議提昇效率,是值得予以探討的議題。 鑑於以往文獻研究期間,多著重於ECFA實施後的探討,少有針對ECFA實施前後比較的相關研究,且過去研究也因洽簽經濟合作架構協議不久,取得的年度期間資料有限,而針對ECFA早收與非早收名單產業之跨產業議題,與使用智慧資本衡量的研究亦不多見。因此,本研究建構2006年第一季至2015第三季共39季,國內ECFA早收產業與ECFA非早收產業之企業別資料。首先,本研究運用資料包絡分析法 (data envelopment analysis, DEA) 求算效率值,並納入過去研究鮮少採用之智慧資本變數,比較ECFA早收與非早收名單產業,在ECFA實施前後之經營效率。進一步使用麥氏生產力 (Malmquist productivity index, MPI) 衡量ECFA早收與非早收名單產業,在ECFA實施前後生產力變動情形。最後,將效率值及麥氏生產力運用四象限圖比較分析。 實證結果表明,在ECFA實施後的前3年,早收名單廠商的總效率值已有明顯的上升,但之後卻出現下降的趨勢。而在生產力變動指數的變化也比在ECFA實施前有明顯的提升。這表明ECFA的實施對早期收穫名單廠商有正面影響。在四象限圖分析方面,早收名單廠商在ECFA實施後,位於第一象限有較好競爭優勢的廠商減少了一半,但位於第四象限的廠商增加了兩倍以上,這表示可能在ECFA實施後,部分廠商維持了較好的競爭優勢,但成長率低。由實證結果可看出,ECFA實施後所帶來的效益,不如當初樂觀之預期。

並列摘要


In the knowledge economy era of competition, traditional tangible assets has been unable to fully show the true value of the corporate on the corporate financial statements, so the value of traditional sources of enterprises by land, capital, factory buildings and other tangible assets, changed to intellectual capital of intangible assets. And academia and the business community use intellectual capital to measure the value, development potential and competitiveness of corporate. So creation, accumulation and management of intellectual capital has become very important. With the global economic liberalization, Taiwan's economic development highly dependent on foreign trade, and Taiwan performed well in the global economy and trade. For example in 2015 in Switzerland, "World Competitiveness Yearbook" (WCY) of "International Institute for Management Development" (IMD), overall competitiveness performance ranked No. 11 in the world, ranked No. 3 in the Asia Pacific region. In recent years, Taiwan faces the wave of integration of global economy. Due to the special political situation, the international trade had been pushed out by other regional Free Trade Agreement. And be in a crisis of competitive disadvantage for economic and trade of Taiwan have a certain impact. After signing the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) cross-strait in 2001, this is the gate for Taiwan to corporate with other trading companies. Therefore, this study constructs the firm-level data of ECFA Early and non - early harvest list industries, during 2006-2015. First, we use DEA to measure efficiency, further we apply MPI to evaluate productivity change. Besides, this study adopts the rare used intellectual capital variable, to comparison of efficiency and productivity between ECFA early and non - early harvest list industries. Finally, we compare the efficiency and productivity by four quadrants map. The empirical results show that in the early 3 years after ECFA implement, the efficiency of early harvest list industries had been increasing, but had the decreasing trend after then. The change in MPI also raises rather than we are not joining in ECFA. This shows that the implement of ECFA has the positive impact on early harvest list industries. In the analysis of four quadrants map, after the implement of ECFA the firms with competitive advantage in the first quadrant decline a half, the firms in the fourth quadrant raise double. This reveals that after ECFA some early harvest list industries contain the competitive advantage with the lower growth rate. This shows the benefits are not so much as expected.

參考文獻


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被引用紀錄


陳菀婷(2017)。台灣金融產業結構、行為與績效之實證研究〔碩士論文,朝陽科技大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0078-2712201714435028

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