改裝車使用液化石油氣對揮發性有機物與醛酮類排放影響研究

nfluences of Liquefied Petroleum Gas on the Emissions of VOCs and Carbonyls from Retrofit Automobiles

葉宣貝(Hsuan-Pei Yeh)

指導教授 ： 楊錫賢

朝陽科技大學/理工學院/環境工程與管理系/碩士(2009年)

摘要

車輛排放廢氣除了一般常見的CO、HC、NOX與CO2外，機動車輛排放尾氣中亦含非法定空氣污染物，如揮發性有機物質 (Volatile Organic Compounds, VOCs) 與醛酮類 (Carbonyls)等。本研究進行十五部油氣雙燃料改裝車排污測試，分別使用汽油及液化石油氣 (LPG) 兩種燃料，將測試車輛置於車體動力計上進行尾氣排放VOCs與Carbonyls之測試。本研究主要結果如下：(1) 改裝後使用汽油冷啟動、熱啟動與改裝後使用LPG冷啟動及熱啟動動總VOCs平均排放係數分別為72.8 ± 13.4、53.6 ± 14.2、43.5 ± 11.6、30.1 ± 8.31 mg/km，使用LPG燃料之VOCs排放係數比汽油燃料低，冷啟動與熱啟動分別降低40.3%與43.9%及使用LPG熱啟動相對於使用LPG冷啟動降低30.9%。(2) 改裝後使用LPG冷啟動、熱啟動相對於使用汽油冷啟動、熱啟動與使用LPG熱啟動相對於冷啟動之Alkane、Alkene與Aromatic分別皆有降低之趨勢。整體而言，可發現因LPG燃料以丙烷、丁烷為主，所以導致尾氣排放廢氣中含有較高烷類化合物，因此可得知結果以Aromatic降低成果最多，其次為Alkene及Alkane。(3) Carbonyls測試結果顯示改裝後使用汽油為燃料之冷啟動及熱啟動平均排放係數為2453 ± 839及1694 ± 748 μg/km，而使用LPG為燃料之冷啟動及熱啟動分別為1765 ± 529及1098 ± 367 μg/km，使用LPG替代汽油為燃料於冷啟動、熱啟動與使用LPG為燃料於熱啟動相對於冷啟動削減率分別為28.0%、35.2%與37.8 %。(4) 改裝後使用汽油冷啟動、熱啟動與使用LPG 冷啟動、熱啟動之臭氧生成潛勢 (Ozone Formation Potential, OFP) 分別為269、155、151與90.8 mg O3/km，使用LPG燃料相對於汽油燃料之OFP有明顯之削減，冷啟動與熱啟動分別降低44.0%與41.4%。

關鍵字

液化石油氣 ； 雙燃料改裝車 ； 醛酮類 ； 揮發性有機化合物

並列摘要

Air pollutant emissions from vehicles include CO, HC, NOx, CO2, and non-regulated air pollutants such as Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and carbonyl compounds. It is essential to analyze VOC and carbonyl emissions from gasoline/LPG dual-fuel retrofits to fully comprehend the reduction the air pollution emission from LPG usage. In this study, 15 gasoline-powered automobiles were converted to the gasoline/LPG dual-fuel retrofits which were conducted on a standardized dynamometer system to measure the emissions of VOCs and carbonyls. In addition, the maximum incremental reactivity built by Carter (1994) was implemented to estimate the Ozone Formation Potential (OFP) of VOCs. The results are as follows: (1) The emission factors of VOCs are 72.8 ± 13.4, 53.6 ± 14.2, 43.5 ± 11.6, 30.1 ± 8.31 mg/km, respectively, for gasoline-using cold start, gasoline-using hot start, LPG-using cold start and LPG-using hot start, respectively. The LPG emission factors of VOCs are lower than that of gasoline. The emission factors of VOCs for LPG cold start and LPG hot start are lowered by 40.3% and 43.9%, respectively. On the other hand, VOCs emission for LPG cold start is decreased by 30.9% compared to LPG hot start. (2) The emission factors for alkane, alkene and aromatic for LPG cold start and LPG hot start are all lower than those for gasoline. Overall, with LPG fuel consisting of mostly propane and butane, alkane from LPG cold start and LPG hot start are higher than those of gasoline, followed by alkene and alkane. (3) The emission factors of carbonyls are 2453 ± 839, 1694 ± 748, 1765 ± 529 and 1098 ± 367 μg/km, respectively, for gasoline cold start, gasoline hot start, LPG cold start, and LPG hot start. The emission factors of carbonyls for LPG cold start and LPG hot start are all lower than those for gasoline cold start and gasoline hot start, by 28.0% and 35.2%. On the other hand, for carbonyls, LPG hot start is lower than those of LPG cold start, by 37.8%. (4) The emission factors of OFP are 269, 155, 151, 90.8 mg O3/km, respectively, for gasoline cold start, gasoline hot start, LPG cold start, and LPG hot start. Using LPG are lower than those of gasoline by 44.0% and 41.4%, for cold start and hot start, respectively.

並列關鍵字

Carbonyls ； VOC ； Dual-fuel retrofits ； LPG

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