機車使用酒精汽油對法定及有害性空氣污染物排放影響研究

Effects of Ethanol-Blended Gasoline on Emissions of Regulated and Hazardous Air Pollutants from Motorcycles

張嘉峰(Chia-Feng Chang)

指導教授 ： 楊錫賢

朝陽科技大學/理工學院/環境工程與管理系/碩士(2009年)

摘要

本研究使用國內最普遍之交通工具-機車，以不同濃度酒精汽油 (添加3%酒精之E3酒精汽油及添加10%酒精之E10酒精汽油) 進行實車動力計測試及使用E3酒精汽油進行機車耐久測試，本研究皆以機車冷車行車型態進行排氣污染測試，採集氣狀及粒狀物相之多環芳香烴化合物 (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, PAHs)、揮發性有機物 (Volatile Organic Compounds, VOCs) 以及醛酮類化合物 (Carbonyl Compounds) 進行研究分析。研究結果顯示：(1)機車不管使用E3或E10酒精汽油皆會降低CO之排放，使用E3為燃料會降低CO排放20%，E10則降低40%，且減量皆具顯著性差異。(2)使用E3為燃料時，NOx排放增量不顯著，只增加5.22%，但使用E10為燃料增加NOx之排放達15.2%，且其增量有顯著性差異。(3)使用不同濃度酒精汽油排放主要醛酮類化合物為Acetaldehyde、Formaldehyde及Acetone，使用E0為燃料醛酮類化合物排放係數為1289與1328 μg/km，使用E3為燃料醛酮類化合物排放係數為1600 μg/km，使用E10為燃料醛酮類化合物排放係數為2285 μg/km。(4)使用E0及E10為燃料PAHs排放係數分別為149 μg/km與126 μg/km，使用E10後PAHs減量14.9%，但無顯著差異性。(5)使用E0及E10為燃料VOCs排放係數分別為95.2 mg/km與196 mg/km，使用E10後VOCs增量106%，但無顯著差異性。使用E0為燃料個別化合物BTEX部份排放係數分別為1.06、1.39、0.70與10.1 mg/km，而使用E10為燃料排放BTEX係數為2.11、2.55、1.00與23.1 mg/km，兩種油品增量比例各為98.7%、83.5%、42.9%及129%，但統計判定皆為無顯著性差異。(6)機車使用E3酒精汽油進行耐久測試結果，只有使用E0為燃料時，CO之耐久測試會隨里程累積而造成該污染物排放增加，對其它污染物及油品而言，機車長期使用不會造成污染物排放增加。

關鍵字

成對t-test ； 耐久測試 ； 線性迴歸 ； 醛酮類 ； 酒精汽油 ； 機車

並列摘要

This research investigates the most popular form of vehicle – motorcycle. Different concentrations of ethanol gasoline which are standard gasoline blended with 3% ethanol (E3) and 10% ethanol (E10) were examined with dynamometer and durability testing. The cold start emission testing pattern was implemented for the collection and analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), and Carbonyl Compounds. The investigation shows the following results: (1) E3 and E10 consumption can reduce CO emission by 20% and 40%, respectively, and present statistical significant difference. (2) When consuming E3 as fuel, increase in NOx emission, at only 5.22%, is not significant. However, E10 usage increases NOx emission by 15.2% and is significant in difference statistically. (3) Acetaldehyde, Formaldehyde, and Acetone are the main carbonyls emitted while consuming ethanol gasoline. The carbonyl emission coefficients for E0, E3, and E10 consumptions are 1289 and 1328 μg/km, 1600 μg/km, and 2285 μg/km, respectively. (4) PAHs emission coefficients for E0 and E10 are 149 μg/km and 126 μg/km. A decrease of 14.9% in PAHs after using E10 is noticed comparing with E0, it is not a statistically significant difference, however. (5) Consumption of E0 and E10 as fuel result in VOCs emission coefficients of 95.2 mg/km and 196 mg/km. E10 usage yield an increase of 106% when compared to E0 but not significant in difference statistically. Testing E0 as fuel, the BTEX emission coefficients are 1.06, 1.39, 0.70 and 10.1 mg/km; while E10 numbers result to 2.11, 2.55, 1.00 and 23.1 mg/km. The increase in BTEX emission after using E10 are at 98.7%, 83.5%, 42.9%, and 129% which are all not significantly different statistically. (6) Durability testing were performed on motorcycles consuming E0 and E3, results suggest that emission of pollutants do not increase with mileage accumulation, with the exception of CO emission.

並列關鍵字

Durability test ； Ethanol gasoline ； Motorcycle ； Carbonyls ； Linear regression analysis. ； Paired t-test

參考文獻

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