植基於整數轉換函式及預測編碼之可逆式資訊隱藏技術

Lossless Data Hiding Schemes Based on Integer Transform Function and Predicted Coding

蔡承翰(Cheng-Han Tsai)

指導教授 ： 呂慈純

朝陽科技大學/資訊學院/資訊管理系/碩士(2009年)

摘要

隨著數位科技與網際網路的發展，資訊的流通變得更為快速，然而，便利的背後卻也衍伸出新的資訊安全議題。例如資訊竊取、竄改和智慧財產的侵犯等。如何讓資訊在網路上快速的傳輸，並且提供安全、隱蔽的方法，成為研究人員新的課題。為了解決這些問題，學者提出資訊隱藏的概念，利用遮蔽媒體將機密資訊嵌入成為偽裝媒體，如此，機密訊息不容易被發覺，有效達到隱蔽的效果，然而該技術從偽裝媒體中將機密資訊取出後，卻無法還原成原始的遮蔽媒體，較不適合醫學、軍事或數位典藏等特殊領域使用，因此，學者提出無失真資訊隱藏技術用以還原原始媒體。無失真資訊隱藏技術擁有藏匿機密資訊及回復原始遮蔽媒體等特性，相當適合用於軍事、醫學、數位典藏等領域。
2004年，Alattar學者提出一個利用差異擴張方法的無失真資訊隱藏技術[3]，該技術必須額外記錄對應表才能將原始影像還原，造成傳輸的負擔，為了改善此問題，本篇論文提出一個植基於整數轉換函式之無失真資訊隱藏方法，所需的額外資訊較Alattar學者的方法來的少，有效減少影像傳輸的負擔。另外，為了改善Lee等學者提出方法[11]的嵌入量，本篇論文提出了預測編碼之差異擴張技術。由實驗結果得知，所提方法嵌入量較Lee等學者的方法好，還能維持一定的影像品質。

關鍵字

差異擴張 ； 適應性 ； 無失真資訊隱藏技術 ； 二階嵌入

並列摘要

As the growth of digital technology and Internet development, the world has entered the digital era. The convenience of Internet promotes the transmission of digital information. That is, all messages can be transmitted to all over the world rapidly through the digital form. However, due to the enhancement of Internet, it also brings a lot of new issues about security. For example, the information theft and tampering, the intellectual property right violation and so on. Therefore, the information security gets people’s attention day by day. How to ensure the safety of the transmission for digital information has become a critical topic in the digital era. In the field of information security, except data encryption, information hiding is another safe information transmission technique for protecting the digital information. As information hiding will cause distortion in stego-image, the scholar proposed the lossless information hiding schemes to improve this problem. These schemes are also known as reversible data embedding schemes and they are often used in the military and medical imaging fields. Many kind of reversible hiding techniques have been proposed. For example, difference expansion, histogram modification and so on.
In 2004, Alattar proposed a reversible information hiding scheme based on difference expansion [3]. However, his scheme needs extra record information to restore the image such that it causes the inconvenience of transmission. To improve Alattar’s scheme, this thesis shall propose a reversible hiding scheme by using the differential expansion between the pixels. The required extra information is less than what required by Alattar’s method. Furthermore, this thesis applies prediction coding technique to enhance the hiding capacity of Lee et al.’s scheme[11]. According to the experimental results, the proposed scheme has better performance than Lee et al.’s scheme.

並列關鍵字

multi embedding ； adaptive ； Lossless information hiding ； difference expansion

參考文獻

[2]葉秀蓮(2007)，植基於預測編碼之可回復式資訊隱藏技術，碩士論文，靜宜大學資訊管理系，臺中。

[3]A. M. Alattar (2004), “Reversible Watermark Using the Difference Expansion of Generalized Integer Transform,” IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Vol. 13, No. 8, pp. 1147-1156.

[5]M. U. Celik, G. Sharma, A. M. Tekalp, and E. Saber (2002), “Reversible Data Hiding,” Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, Vol. II, pp. 157-160.

[6]M. U. Celik, G. Sharma, A. M. Tekalp, and E. Saber (2005), “Lossless Generalized-LSB Data Embedding,” IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 253-266.

[7]C. C. Chang, T. C. Lu, Y. F. Chang, and R. C. T. Lee (2007), “Reversible Data Hiding Schemes for Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Medium,” International Journal of Innovative Computing, Information and Control (IJICIC), Vol. 3, No. 5, pp. 1145-1160.